GETTYSBURG 



Where and How the Regiments Fought 
and the Troops they Encountered 



AN ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE 



MOVEMENTS, POSITIONS, AND LOSSES OF THE COMMANDS 
ENGAGED 



BY 

JOHN M. VANDERSLICE 

A DIRECTOR OF THE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 



PHILADELPHIA 
1897 



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Copyright, 1897, 

BY 

John M. Vanderslick. 







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PREFACE. 



The Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Asso- 
ciation, when it transferred its grounds and the 
monuments erected thereon to the General 
Government, and thereby practically concluded 
its work, decided to publish a history of the 
Association, including a brief account of the 
battle itself. 

The work was published for private distribu- 
tion only. 

There was, however, such a demand for the 
book that arrangements were made with the 
author for the publication of the work in its 
present form, curtailing the history of the Me- 
morial Association, which might not be inter- 
esting to the general readers. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGB 

Map Frontispiece. 

Introduction 9 

Gettysburg 15 

Losses in the Twelve Greatest Battles of the War 17 

The Town and Field 19 

The Ten Roads leading into the Town 21 

The Advance of the Army 22 

The Cavalry Fight at Hanover 27 

Forces Engaged and the States represented in the Battle .... 29 

FIRST DAY'S BATTLE. 

Approach of the Confederates 33 

Encountered by Buford's Cavalry 34 

The First Federal Corps arrives and opens Fire 36 

Meredith's Federal Brigade charges Archer's ......... 37 

Death of General Reynolds 38 

Davis's Confederate Brigade attacks Cutler's 39 

General Heth reforms his Line 39 

Doubleday's Federal Division goes into Position 41 

Robinson's Division meets Rodes's upon Oak Ridge 41 

The Federal Eleventh Corps arrives upon the Right 43 

Attacked in Flank by Early's Confederate Division 45 

Its Withdrawal to Cemetery Hill 45 

Robinson's Division forced to abandon Oak Ridge 45 

The Fight continued on the Left by the First Corps 47 

The Corps retires to Cemetery Hill 49 

Losses at Reynolds's Grove 56 

Losses upon Oak Ridge 62 

Losses upon Eleventh Corps Line 64 

Number of Regiments of each State Engaged 67 

SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 

Position of the Several Corps 68 

Sickles moves Federal Third Corps forward to New Line .... 71 

5 



6 CONTENTS, 

PAGB 

Opening of the Battle at Devil's Den 72 

It extends into the Wheat-Field 73 

Arrival of the Federal Fifth Corps upon the Field 75 

Confederates attack Little Round Top 76 

Battle in the Wheat-Field continued 78 

First Division of the Federal Second Corps goes into Action . . 79 

Ayres's Division of United States Regulars enters the Field ... 82 

The Federal Troops forced to abandon the Field 82 

The Fight at the Peach Orchard 83 

Struggle of Humphreys's Federal Division along the Emmitts- 

burg Road 85 

Withdrawal of Federals to Cemetery Ridge 87 

The Battle continued there 88 

Confederates capture Works upon Culp's Hill 91 

Confederate Assault upon East Cemetery Hill 93 

Losses at Round Top 96 

Losses in Wheat- Field 98 

Losses in Peach Orchard 104 

Losses upon Emmittsburg Road 107 

Losses upon East Cemetery Hill 1 10 

THIRD DAY'S BATTLE. 

Battle opens upon Culp's Hill 115 

Confederate Assault upon Cemetery Ridge 122 

Charge of Pickett's, Pettigrew's, and Trimble's Divisions .... 124 

They reach the Wall held by the Federal Second Corps .... 125 

They are repulsed with Great Loss 1 29 

Injustice done to Pettigrew's and Trimble's Divisions 130 

The Troops engaged in the Assault and Repulse 132 

Gregg's Cavalry Fight on the Right Flank 134 

Final Charge and Repulse of Confederate Cavalry 137 

Federal Cavalry Charge upon the Left Flank 140 

McCandless's Pennsylvania Reserves capture a Battery 141 

Losses at Culp's Hill 142 

Losses in Assault upon Cemetery Ridge 146 

Losses in Pickett's, Pettigrew's, and Trimble's Divisions com- 
pared 150 

Regiments engaged and States represented 153 

Cavalry Losses 154 



CONTENTS. 7 



PACE 



Retreat of Confederate Army 156 

Points where Principal Fighting was done according to Losses . 161 

Losses by Divisions 162 

Losses by States 163 

THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. 

Location 168 

Arrangement of Graves 169 

Dedicatory Services 170 

Oration of the Hon. Edward Everett 171 

The Memorable Address of President Lincoln 176 

Design of the Monument 177 

THE BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 

First Appropriation by Pennsylvania 180 

Lands, Monuments, etc., transferred to the United States Govern- 
ment 195 

List of Directors of the Association during its Existence .... 196 

Abstract of all Receipts and Expenditures 198 

List of Federal Regiments, Batteries, and General Officers from 

each State 200 

Appropriations to Association for Monuments and Description of 

Principal Monuments 200 

List of Regiments and Batteries of the United States Regular 

Army 233 

List of Confederate Commands 235 

Act establishing National Military Park 244 



INTRODUCTION. 



Congress having passed an act on February 
ii, 1895, <<to establish a National Military 
Park at Gettysburg," the Board of Directors of 
the Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Associa- 
tion, at a meeting held May 22, 1895, having 
been previously authorized to do so by a vote 
of the stockholders, decided to transfer to the 
United States government the six hundred 
acres of land which had been acquired by the 
Association, upon which seventeen miles of 
avenues had been constructed, giving access to 
the most interesting points of the battle-field, 
and to consign to the care and protection of the 
general government the three hundred and 
twenty monuments which had been erected 
upon the field by the several States and by 
regimental associations. 

There were present at this meeting of the 
Board : Colonel C. H. Buehler, of Pennsylvania, 
vice-president ; General Daniel E. Sickles and 
General Alex. S. Webb, of New York ; General 
Lucius Fairchild, of Wisconsin ; Colonel Frank 
D. Sloat, of Connecticut ; Colonel Charles L. 

9 



IO INTRODUCTION. 

Young, of Ohio ; Colonel George E. Briggs, of 
Michigan ; Colonel Wheelock G. Veazey, of 
Vermont ; General D. McM. Gregg, General 
Louis Wagner, Hon. Edward McPherson, 
Hon. S. McSwope, Captain H. W. McKnight, 
D.D., and Messrs. J. M. Vanderslice, J. L. 
Schick, J. A. Kitzmiller, Dr. C. E. Goldsborough, 
and Calvin Hamilton, the Secretary of Pennsyl- 
vania ; General Joseph B. Carr, of New York, 
and Colonel John B. Bachelder, of Massachu- 
setts, having died since the previous meeting in 
October. There were also present Colonel 
John P. Nicholson, of Pennsylvania, also a 
member of the Board ; Major W. M. Robins, of 
North Carolina, and Major C. A. Richardson, 
of New York, composing the United States 
Board of Battle-field Commissioners. 

After the transaction of the important busi- 
ness attending the formal transfer to the 
national government of the property of the 
Association, and the practical completion of the 
work for which it had been organized thirty-one 
years before, upon motion of General Sickles, 
it was decided to publish a brief history of " The 
Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Association." 
It was considered of importance, historically, 
that there should be preserved a record of the 
great results accomplished by the Memorial As- 
sociation, the first of like character ever organ- 



INTRODUCTION. 1 1 

ized. It was also deemed proper that there 
should be some recognition of the generous 
and patriotic support accorded the Association 
by the people of the several States, whose legis- 
latures had made liberal appropriations in 
furtherance of its objects, and of the zealous 
and effective co-operation given it by the sur- 
vivors of many of the commands which partici- 
pated in the battle ; for, by the aid thus rendered, 
the Association was enabled to acquire much of 
the most important part of the battle-field and 
to correctly mark the lines of battle, so that at 
the conclusion of its work the position of every 
volunteer command in the Union army except 
three had been appropriately marked by endur- 
ing, and many of them by artistic and costly, 
monuments or memorials, representing in the 
aggregate an expenditure of more than three- 
fourths of a million dollars, and Gettysburg was 
not only more visited but better marked and 
understood than any battle-field in the world. 

It was suggested that in connection with the 
history of the Memorial Association there should 
be published a concise history of the battle, so 
that the work of the Association might be better 
understood and the difficulties attending its 
efforts to secure and accurately mark the battle- 
field be better appreciated, as well as to show 
how fitting was the work it attempted to accom- 



1 2 INTRODUCTION. 

plish, how richly the troops who fought upon 
the field deserved that it should be preserved 
as it was when hallowed by their services and 
sacrifices, how appropriate, too, that their States 
should erect thereon memorials to commemo- 
rate for all time their devotion and valor, and 
why the care and attention the field is now 
receiving from the national government in 
liberal appropriations and intelligent manage- 
ment by able and judicious commissioners meets 
the approbation of all patriotic people. 

The writer was selected by the Board of 
Directors to write this history. As he had been 
actively identified with the work of the Associa- 
tion for sixteen years, for the most of that time 
being a member of the Executive Committee 
and Secretary of the Committee on the Loca- 
tion of and Inscriptions on Monuments, it was 
probably thought that his familiarity with the 
work and the information he had acquired 
might in a measure qualify him for the duty. 

While highly appreciative of its confidence in 
him, as evinced by this action of the Board, he 
is equally appreciative of the responsibility he 
assumes and of probable disappointment with 
the results of his work. 

It is proposed to briefly and accurately de- 
scribe the position, movement, services, and 
losses of every regiment and battery engaged 



INTRODUCTION. 1 3 

in the battle, as established by the information 
gathered and collated by the Association, by the 
official reports, and by statements of officers 
and men of both armies, who, by its invitation 
upon several occasions, met and conferred upon 
the field for the purpose of marking the lines of 
batde, which statements have been most care- 
fully examined, compared, and verified. 

There will be no criticisms upon strategical 
or tactical movements upon the field. In fact, 
there were few such. As has been well said, 
" Gettysburg was, in a measure, the American 
soldiers' battle," a battle of the ranks, a struggle 
of American prowess and courage, of discipline 
and tenacity, of unwavering fidelity and unselfish 
devotion, a contest of American manhood. 



GETTYSBURG. 



There are many reasons why Gettysburg 
was selected at such an early period for preser- 
vation, and why it has attracted more attention 
and been visited by more people than all the 
other battle-fields of the Rebellion. 

In every epoch of history there will be found 
some battle which ever remains prominent 
above others of the same period, though they 
be of greater magnitude. As in Napoleon's 
campaigns, Lodi, Arcole, Rivoli, Jaffa, Aboukir, 
Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena, Eylau, Friedland, 
Burgos, Wagram, Lutzen, Dresden, and even 
Borodino, when Russia and the whole continent 
lay at the feet of the invincible conqueror, and 
Leipsic, his first serious and decisive defeat, are 
eclipsed by the memories of Waterloo, because 
of its effects upon the destinies of Europe and 
of civilization, so Gettysburg will ever be pre- 
eminently the most renowned of all the battles 
of the war for the Union, not only because of its 
magnitude and immediate results, but also by 
reason of the grave consequences dependent 
upon the issue. 

*5 



1 6 GETTYSBURG. 

But Gettysburg should not, as is so often 
erroneously done, be considered the Waterloo 
of the Rebellion. As one able writer well says, 
"It was more like Leipsic, decisive as to the 
field but not as to the struggle." For it must 
not be forgotten that while the Army of the 
Potomac and the other Federal troops operating 
in Virginia, up to and including Gettysburg, lost 
89,175 killed and wounded and 48,638 missing, 
they after Gettysburg lost 110,820 killed and 
wounded and 35,586 missing before the final 
victory at Appomattox. 

Gettysburg was, however, fought at the 
gloomiest period of the war, which had then 
been carried on for two years upon a tremen- 
dous scale, with the expenditure of so much 
blood and treasure, so many severe battles 
having been fought and so many lives sacri- 
ficed without decisive results. The campaign 
of 1862 had ended with defeats in the East and 
West, and that of 1863 had opened with one. 
The Rebellion had reached its very zenith of 
success and triumph. Foreign intervention in 
behalf of the Confederacy was imminent. 

Gettysburg, too, was the only battle fought 
on Northern soil during those four years of ter- 
rible war, north of Mason and Dixon's line, the 
then line of demarcation between North and 
South. 



GETTYSBURG. 



17 



It was also the bloodiest single battle of the 
war. The losses of the Union or Federal army 
in the twelve greatest battles of the war were 
as follows : 





Killed. 


Wounded. 


Missing. 


Aggregate. 


Gettysburg . . . 


3070 


14,497 


5434 


23,001 


Spottsylvania . . . 


2725 


13,416 


2258 


*8,399 


Wilderness . . . 


2246 


12,037 


3383 


17,666 


Antietam .... 


2108 


9,549 


753 


12,410 


Chancellorsville . 


1606 


9,762 


59 T 9 


17,287 


Chickamauga . . 


1656 


9,749 


4774 


16,179 


Cold Harbor . . 


1844 


9,°77 


1S16 


I2 ,737 


Fredericksburg . 


1284 


9,600 


1769" 


12,653 


Manassas (1862) . 


1747 


8,45 2 


4263 


14,462 


Shiloh 


■ 1754 


8,408 


2885 


i3>°47 


Stone's River . . 


1730 


7,808 


37i7 


r 3> 2 55 


Petersburg (first as 


- 








sault, 1864) . . 


16S8 


8,5i3 


1185 


11,386 



Many of the wounded died of their wounds, 
and should be added to the killed, while many 
accounted for as missing were either killed or 
wounded, and at Fredericksburg and Cold Har- 
bor nearly all such were among the killed, as 
but few if any were captured in those assaults. 

Then, too, Gettysburg, being located in a pop- 
ulous Northern State, and being comparatively 
easy of access, has ever since the battle been 
visited by great numbers of the people of our 
own and other lands. The smoke of battle had 
scarcely cleared away before thousands of patri- 



GETTYSBURG. 



otic people were thronging to the place, with sup- 
plies and comforts, to render what aid they could 
to the wounded and help bury the dead. And all 
through the months the immense hospitals were 
located there, multitudes came and went, many 
tenderly carrying with them a stricken dear one, 
that he might die at home, amid the scenes of his 
childhood, or a lifeless body, to inter it beside 
those of kindred and friends. From no other 
field were so many of the fallen taken to their 
homes as from Gettysburg. The interest thus 
early awakened in the place has never abated, 
and each year the number of visitors increases, 
and seldom does one leave Gettysburg without 
a strong desire to revisit it. 

Aside from the historic association and in- 
terest, there is much that is attractive in the 
magnificent and beautiful surrounding scenery 
which enhances the pleasure of the visitor. In 
the woods and meadows, in the glens and vales 
of the battle-field, there is many a romantic and 
charming bit of landscape, while from the ele- 
vated portions of the field there are splendid 
and delightful views extending for miles in every 
direction. The prospect from the National 
Cemetery, as the sun is setting behind the 
South Mountain, is one that is unexcelled in 
beauty and impressiveness. 



THE TOWN AND FIELD. 1 9 

THE TOWN AND FIELD. 

The old town of Gettysburg, founded in 1 780, 
is the county-seat of Adams County, Pennsylva- 
nia, and is about seven miles from the southern 
border of the State. It has, as it had at the 
time of the battle, a population of a little more 
than three thousand. It was little known be- 
fore those memorable July days that were to 
make it forever historic. Until then its chief 
distinction was that it had been for many years 
the home of Thaddeus Stevens, "the great 
Commoner," the brilliant leader of the House 
of Representatives during the war, and the life- 
long and unyielding champion of human rights. 
It furnished its full quota of splendid soldiers, 
though none of its companies, except one in the 
1 st Pennsylvania Reserves, participated in the 
battle, the rest being on duty elsewhere, — by a 
strange occurrence several of them beino- in 
two of the regiments under French at Harper's 
Ferry, which were not permitted to join the 
Army of the Potomac until after the battle. 

The town is in the centre of the battle-field, 
as the fighting on July 1 was north and west of 
it, while on the 2d and 3d it was on the south 
and east, it being peculiar that during the battle 
the Northern army should be in a position to 
the south of that of the Southern army, com- 



20 GETTYSBURG. 

pletely reversing the positions that the two 
armies would naturally be expected to oc- 
cupy. 

The town is situated in a beautiful valley be- 
tween two ridges, which are now classic by rea- 
son of the importance attaching to them in the 
battle. The hill north and west of the town and 
about a mile from the centre thereof is Seminary 
Ridge, the Lutheran Theological Seminary lo- 
cated there giving it the name. The ridge runs 
for many miles northeast and southwest, a por- 
tion of it being the line held by the Federal 
troops during the first day's battle, and forming 
the principal line of defence of the Confederate 
army during the remainder of the battle. The 
ridge south and southwest of the town is Cem- 
etery Hill, so named because Evergreen, the 
town cemetery, was located thereon, on the 
Baltimore Pike, a half-mile from the town, the 
National Cemetery being placed there also after 
the battle. This rid^e begins a few hundred 
yards northeast of the cemetery entrance and 
extends in a line nearly parallel with Seminary 
Ridge. Big and Little Round Tops are spurs 
of this ridge, which formed the main line of the 
Federal army during the second and third days' 
battles. A short distance east of the cemetery 
this ridge bends sharply to the right, forming 
two rocky and wooded prominences, Culp's and 



THE TOWN AND FIELD. 2 1 

Spangler's Hills, terminating in Wolf's Hill, a 
steep knob beyond Rock Creek. 

Ten roads concentrate in the town almost as 
regularly as the spokes of a wagon-wheel at 
the hub. That from Emmittsburg, upon which 
Buford's cavalry, the First, Third, and Eleventh 
Corps, marched, comes from the southwest; 
that from Taneytown, upon which the Second 
Corps marched, from the south ; the Baltimore 
Pike, upon which the Sixth and Twelfth Corps 
marched, from the southeast ; that from Han- 
over, upon which Gregg's and Kilpatrick's cav- 
alry and the Fifth Corps marched, from the east ; 
those from Mummasburg, Carlisle, Harrisburg, 
and York, upon which Ewell's corps marched, 
from the north and northeast ; that from Cham- 
bersburg, upon which Hill's and Longstreet's 
corps marched, from the northwest ; and that 
from Hagerstown from the west, or, rather, 
southwest. 

From these unusual facilities for the move- 
ment and concentration of largfe bodies of 
troops, together with the conformation of the 
surrounding hills and fields, it would seem as if 
Gettysburg had been designed by nature for a 
battle-field. 

While the field is said to cover twenty-five 
square miles, the principal and important oper- 
ations were confined to a much more limited 



22 GETTYSBURG. 

space, and there are many points upon it from 
which can be had a good view of the whole 
battle-field, with the exception of that upon 
which Gregg's cavalry fought, three miles east 
of the town ; and, except where a piece of wood- 
land may intervene, the Federal lines of battle 
can be readily traced by the monuments which 
now mark the positions of the different regi- 
ments and batteries, even some of those of 
Gregg's cavalry being seen off in the distance. 



THE ADVANCE OF THE ARMIES. 

In the beginning of June, 1863, the Army of 
the Potomac under Hooker lay north of the 
Rappahannock River in Virginia. The cam- 
paign of 1862 had ended with Fredericksburg, 
where superb valor had been wasted in five 
successive reckless assaults which for desperate 
courage have never been excelled in the world's 
wars, and that of 1863 had opened with the 
brilliantly planned but miserably conducted 
struggle in the woods around Chancellorsville, 
whence the veteran army, after a loss of over 
1 7,000 with less than half its number engaged, 
had been again withdrawn to the north side of 
the river. It retained its splendid discipline and 
incomparable, unfaltering devotion, and was, as 
ever, hopeful, ready, confident. 



THE ADVANCE OF THE ARMIES. 23 

It was composed of the First, Second, Third, 
Fifth, Sixth, Eleventh, Twelfth, and the Cavalry 
Corps, the Ninth Corps having, after Fredericks- 
burg, been sent west to reinforce Grant. 

Upon the other hand, in the Confederate 
army, after the death of Jackson, his corps, 
with Anderson's division of Longstreet's, had 
been reorganized into the Second and Third 
Corps under Ewell and Hill, Longstreet still 
commanding the First Corps, and this army 
was never in better, more effective, and more 
promising condition. In its camps were reviews 
and inspections, and everything indicated impor- 
tant offensive movements. 

It being reported that the enemy was moving 
towards the Blue Ridge, Hooker ordered 
Pleasonton to make a reconnoissance with the 
Cavalry Corps, and on June 8 Buford's division 
moved to Beverly Ford and Gregg's to Kelly's 
Ford, they together numbering about 9000. 
Before daylight on the 9th they crossed the river 
and found Stuart's cavalry, about 12,000 strong, 
which had been reviewed the day before by 
General Lee amid much enthusiasm. Buford 
attacked at once, and Gregg, moving rapidly 
to Brandy Station, attacked from that point. 
Regiment met regiment and brigade met bri- 
gade, and from sunrise until near sunset these 
20,000 troopers fought upon the plains around 



24 GETTYSBURG. 

Brandy Station one of the most brilliant cavalry 
battles of history. 

It was not only ascertained that Lee's infantry 
was already at Culpeper, but in one of the 
charges Stuart's head-quarters baggage and 
official papers were captured, and among them 
was the order for the march into Pennsylvania. 

With this information the Federal cavalry 
withdrew across the river. 

The great march northward now commenced, 
the Army of the Potomac moving to Fairfax and 
Manassas, while the Confederate army moved 
northwestwardly into the Shenandoah Valley, 
Ewell's corps, in the advance, falling upon and 
dispersing Milroy's command at Winchester on 
the 14th. Stuart's cavalry was assigned the 
duty of protecting the flank of Lee's army and 
concealing its movements, and at the same time 
of watching the movements of Hooker's army; 
but on June 1 7 it was encountered at Aldie by 
the Federal cavalry and driven beyond the Bull 
Run Mountains, and after three or four days of 
severe fighting it was driven through Middleburg 
and Upperville to the Blue Ridge. The Federal 
cavalry thus not only masked the movements of 
its own army, but a reconnoissance to the top of 
the mountain discovered Lee's whole army in 
the Shenandoah Valley, about to cross the 
Potomac. 



THE ADVANCE OF THE ARMIES. 25 

Ewell's corps crossed at Williamsport and 
Sheppardstown on June 22, and was followed 
shortly afterwards by Longstreet's and Hill's. 
Ewell, with Rodes's and Johnson's divisions, and 
Jenkins's cavalry, moved rapidly to Chambers- 
burg, Pennsylvania, and up the Cumberland 
Valley to Carlisle, arriving there June 27, while 
Early's division moved to Cashtown, eight miles 
from Gettysburg, and on the 26th moved to 
York via Mummasburg, except Gordon's bri- 
gade, which, accompanied by Early in person, 
entered Gettysburg. This brigade was pre- 
ceded by White's cavalry, which charged through 
the town, yelling and firing. On this day the 
26th Emergency Regiment of Pennsylvania, in 
which there was a company of college boys from 
Gettysburg, arrived from Harrisburg and moved 
out some three miles towards Cashtown, where 
it encountered White's cavalry and after some 
skirmishing retreated towards Harrisburg. A 
home company of the 2 1 st Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
under Captain, afterwards Major, Bell, for many 
years a member of the Memorial Association, 
rendered efficient service as scouts, and the 
first soldier killed at Gettysburg was of this 
company. The Confederates left on the 27th 
for York, before Early's requisition for money 
and supplies was complied with. 

In the mean time the Federal army had moved 



26 GETTYSBURG. 

rapidly across the Potomac to Frederick, Mary- 
land. Here, on June 27, General Hooker, 
having asked that the ten thousand troops at 
Harper's Ferry under General French be as- 
signed to his command, and having been curtly 
refused by General Halleck, resigned. General 
Meade, of the Fifth Corps, who had been with 
the Army of the Potomac from its organization, 
commencing his career in it as commander of a 
brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserves, was, on 
the 28th, appointed to the command of the army, 
which continued its march northward, east of 
the South Mountain, moving in three columns, 
— the left wing, under General Reynolds, being 
preceded by Buford's division of cavalry. 

On the night of the 29th, Buford discovered 
the camp-fires of the enemy between Monterey 
and Fairfield, and upon reporting it to Reynolds, 
at Emmittsburg, early on the 30th was ordered 
to move to Gettysburg. He, with two brigades 
of cavalry, entered the town after noon as Pet- 
tigrew's brigade of Confederate infantry was 
approaching on the Chambersburg Road with a 
wagon-train for the purpose of getting supplies, 
especially shoes, in the town. Upon the arrival 
of Buford, Pettigrew withdrew towards Cash- 
town, and the Federal cavalry went into camp 
on the Chambersburg Pike west of the town. 

General Buford at once noticed the number 



THE ADVANCE OF THE ARMIES. 2>] 

of roads concentrating in the town, and also 
believed he was confronting the advance of 
Lee's army, and that Gettysburg was to be the 
scene of a great battle. He said to Colonel 
Devin, " In the morning they will come booming 
on, three lines deep, and we will have to fight 
like devils to hold this position." 

On this day, the 30th, Kilpatrick's Federal 
cavalry division, moving in advance of the centre 
of Meade's army, encountered Stuart's cavalry 
in the town of Hanover, some sixteen miles east 
of Gettysburg, as it was endeavoring to join 
Lee, and after a sharp contest, in which the 5th 
New York and 18th Pennsylvania were princi- 
pally engaged, Stuart withdrew. As Gregg's 
Federal cavalry division was moving in advance 
of the right wing of the army still farther to the 
east, Stuart was compelled to move towards the 
Susquehanna and then to Carlisle, where, after 
a ride of one hundred and twenty-five miles 
since the morning of the 30th, he arrived on the 
afternoon of the 1st, only to find that the Con- 
federate infantry had hastily withdrawn from 
there and gone towards Gettysburg. After a 
long, circuitous, and hard march the Confeder- 
ate cavalry joined its army during the battle, 
having been rendered practically useless during 
the advance into Pennsylvania. 

In the mean time, General Lee, having been 



28 GETTYSBURG. 

deprived of the aid of Stuart's cavalry in keep- 
ing- him informed of the movements of the 
Federal army, was surprised on the 28th, at 
Chambersburg, to learn by a scout that it had 
not only crossed the Potomac, but was in pur- 
suit and being manoeuvred so as to endanger 
his army. He ordered Longstreet and Hill to 
move from the vicinity of Chambersburg, re- 
called Ewell from his threatened attack upon 
Harrisburg, and Early from that upon Columbia, 
upon the Susquehanna, and hastily directed a 
concentration of his army east of the South 
Mountain. 

The two great armies, the mighty antagonists 
that had met and fought upon so many fields, 
were thus approaching each other for the stu- 
pendous and memorable contest at Gettysburg. 



THE BATTLE. 

THE FORCES ENGAGED. WHAT STATES THEY 

REPRESENTED. 

There were, according to the Field Return 
of June 30, "present for duty, equipped," in the 
Army of the Potomac, 83,900 infantry and ar- 
tillery, including the Sixth Corps of 14,516, but 
a small portion of which was actively engaged 
in the battle, and 10,800 cavalry, while from 
the best information obtainable the Confederate 
army at the same time had upon the field and 
engaged about 70,000 infantry and artillery and 
10,000 cavalry, so that the opposing forces were 
approximately equal. 

The Federal army was composed of seven 
corps of infantry and one of cavalry, while the 
Confederate army had but three corps of infan- 
try and a division of cavalry. There were nine- 
teen Federal divisions of infantry as against but 
nine Confederate divisions, but all the sub- 
divisions of the latter army were much larger 
than those of the former. For illustration, the 
largest Federal corps was the Sixth, with 1 4, 5 1 6, 
and the smallest was the Twelfth, with 8193, 

while Rodes's Confederate division, by the Field 

29 



30 GETTYSBURG. 

Return of June 30, had present for duty 8042, 
and the smallest division in that army was 7000 
strongf. The one division of Confederate cav- 
airy was, numerically, almost as strong as the 
Federal corps of cavalry of three divisions. 
The Confederate regiments were on an average 
forty per cent, larger than those of the Federal 
army, and some of them were twice as large. 
The Confederate war department pursued the 
wise policy of putting its new forces into old 
veteran regiments, thus keeping them recruited, 
instead of organizing new regiments, as was 
done in the North. This great difference in the 
strength of divisions, brigades, and regiments in 
the two armies should be borne in mind when 
we come to consider them as they contended 
with one another. 

It is remarkable that every loyal State east of 
the Mississippi except one, — Kentucky, — to- 
gether with Minnesota, west of the river, and 
every one of the Confederate States, was repre- 
sented by troops upon the field of Gettysburg. 

There were present in the Federal or Union 
army 246 regiments of infantry, 34 of cavalry, 
and 68 batteries of artillery, and in the Con- 
federate army, 171 regiments of infantry, 26 of 
cavalry, and 68 batteries of artillery. 

They were divided among the States as 
follows : 



THE BATTLE. 3 1 

In the Federal army, of infantry, Connecticut 
had 5 regiments ; Delaware, 2 ; Illinois, 1 ; 
Indiana, 5 ; Maine, 10 ; Maryland, 3 ; Massa- 
chusetts, 18 ; Michigan, 7 ; Minnesota, 1 ; New 
Hampshire, 3 ; New Jersey, 12 ; New York, 67 ; 
Ohio, 13 ; Pennsylvania, 68 ; Rhode Island, 1 ; 
Vermont, 10; Wisconsin, 6; West Virginia, 1. 
There were also 1 1 regiments of United States 
Regulars and 2 of United States Sharp-shooters. 
Of cavalry, Pennsylvania had 9 regiments ; New 
York, 7 ; Michigan, 4 ; Illinois, 2 ; Indiana, 1 ; 
Maine, 1 ; Massachusetts, 1 ; Vermont, 1 ; New 
Jersey, 1 ; Maryland, 1 ; Ohio, 1, and a squad- 
ron ; West Virginia, 1, and a squadron ; United 
States Regulars, 4. Of artillery, Connecticut 
had 3 batteries ; Maine, 3 ; Maryland, 1 ; 
Massachusetts, 4 ; Michigan, 1 ; New Hamp- 
shire, 1 ; New Jersey, 2 ; New York, 1 5 ; Ohio, 
4 ; Pennsylvania, 5 ; Rhode Island, 5 ; West 
Virginia, 1 ; and United States Regulars, 23. 

In the Confederate army, of infantry, Virginia 
had 41 regiments ; Georgia, 36 ; North Carolina, 
34 ; Alabama, 1 7 ; South Carolina, 1 1 ; Missis- 
sippi, 1 1 ; Louisiana, 10 ; Tennessee, 3 ; Florida, 
3 ; Texas, 3 ; Arkansas, 1 ; and Maryland, 1. 
Of cavalry, Virginia had 19 regiments ; South 
Carolina, 3 ; North Carolina, 2 ; Georgia, 2. 
Of artillery, Virginia had 39 batteries ; Louisi- 
ana, 7 ; Georgia, 6 ; South Carolina, 5 ; North 



32 GETTYSBURG. 

Carolina, 4 ; Maryland, 4 ; Alabama, 2 ; and 
Mississippi, 1. 

It should be remembered that with the excep- 
tion of the cavalry, which carried breech-loading 
carbines, all the troops in both armies were 
armed with muzzle-loading rifles and muskets, 
and that the artillery was of muzzle-loading 
guns. Before the close of the war many infan- 
try regiments were armed with breech-loading 
rifles, but this had not been done at the time of 
Gettysburg. In considering the battles of the 
Rebellion, the character of the arms as com- 
pared with those of to-day is often entirely 
overlooked. 



FIRST DAY'S BATTLE, JULY i. 

General Buford, having arrived on the 30th 
with two brigades of his cavalry, went into camp 
on McPherson's farm, just beyond the western 
limits of the town. His position was upon a 
ridge sloping west to Willoughby Run. Ve- 
dettes and pickets were thrown out as far as 
Marsh Creek, three miles to the west, as also 
to the north, and the roads were carefully 
patrolled. 

In the mist of the early morning of Wednes- 
day, July 1, the cavalry pickets posted on the 
Chambersburg Pike at the bridge crossing 
Marsh Creek discovered the advance of the 
enemy, being the head of Heth's Confederate 
division, which had moved from its camp at 
Cashtown, about four miles farther west, at five 
o'clock. One of the pickets rode to the reserve 
with the information and the other rode across 
the bridge to reconnoitre. He was hailed by 
the advance-guard of the enemy, but, wheeling 
his horse, galloped back over the bridge and 
down behind the wall of the abutment, and from 
that position fired upon the enemy the first shot 
of the battle. 

3 33 



34 GETTYSBURG. 

Apprised of the position of the Federal 
pickets, the Confederates halted and prepared 
for a cautious advance. Archer's Tennessee 
brigade was deployed on the right of the pike, 
and Davis's Mississippi on the left, a strong line 
of skirmishers was thrown out in advance of 
both brigades, Marye's Virginia artillery, posted 
on Lohr's Hill, opened fire, and the advance 
commenced. 

On the other hand, additional squadrons of 
the 8th Illinois galloped to the support of that 
on picket on that portion of the line which did 
most of the skirmishing. These dismounted 
cavalry skirmishers with their carbines kept up 
an incessant fire upon the enemy, and by con- 
cealing themselves in the tall grass or behind 
fences and bushes, and by acting so boldly as 
to indicate strong support, so harassed and de- 
layed the enemy that nearly two hours were 
consumed in advancing from Marsh Creek to 
Willoughby Run, though their artillery had kept 
up a fire successively from Lohr's, Whistler's, 
and School-House Ridges. 

About eight o'clock the Confederates reached 
the little stream and encountered Gamble's bri- 
gade, — 8th New York, 8th Illinois, two squad- 
rons of the 1 2th Illinois, and three squadrons 
of the 3d Indiana Cavalry, — which Buford had 
advanced, in line of battle, dismounted, to the 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 35 

creek. Calef s horse artillery, Battery A, 2d 
United States, of six 3-inch rifle-guns, was in 
position, with two sections on the pike and the 
other in rear of the 8th New York, the left regi- 
ment. Farther to the right was Devin's brigade 
of cavalry, — 6th and 9th New York, 1 7th Penn- 
sylvania, and two companies of the 3d West 
Virginia, — holding the several roads from the 
north and guarding against movements from 
that direction. 

For nearly two hours more did this little force 
— fighting the strong infantry brigades of Archer 
and Davis, supported by Pegram's battalion of 
five batteries of artillery posted at short range 
on Herr's Hill — hold the enemy in check. 

General Buford, in his report, says, — 

" The two lines soon became hotly engaged, we having 
the advantage of position, the enemy of numbers. Gam- 
ble's brigade held its own for more than two hours. Calef 's 
battery fought upon this field as is seldom witnessed. At 
one time the enemy had upon it a concentric fire of twelve 
guns at short range, but Calef worked his guns deliberately 
and with wonderful effect upon the enemy. The brigade 
maintained this unequal contest until the First Division of 
the First Corps came up to its assistance, and then most re- 
luctantly did it give up the front, a portion of the 3d Indi- 
ana continuing to fight with the troops that relieved them. 
Devin's brigade had its hands full. The enemy advanced 
upon it by four roads, and on each was checked until the 
infantry arrived to relieve it." 



36 GETTYSBURG. 

A little after nine o'clock General Reynolds, 
riding at furious speed, arrived upon the field 
in advance of the First Corps, and was merrily 
accosted by his old companion Buford. To- 
gether they rode along the line, encouraging the 
troopers in the unequal struggle, while a staff- 
officer was sent to hurry up Wadsworth's di- 
vision of the First Corps, which, leaving the 
Emmittsburg Road, on which it was marching, 
double-quicked across the fields and arrived in 
rear of the line held by the cavalry shortly 
before ten o'clock. 

Reynolds at once posted the leading brigade, 
Cutler's, across the Chambersburg Pike. On the 
right of the pike and north of the cut of, at that 
time, an abandoned railroad, which runs almost 
parallel with the pike, in the order, named, from 
right to left, were the 76th New York, 56th 
Pennsylvania, 147th New York, and left of the 
pike were the 14th Brooklyn and the 95th New 
York Infantry, the 7th Indiana of the brigade 
being on duty with the trains in the rear. As 
the right regiments moved into position and re- 
lieved the cavalry they were confronted by the 
42d and 2d Mississippi and 55th North Carolina 
Infantry, of Davis's brigade, the nth Missis- 
sippi being detached. 

In naming the regiments opposing each other, 
they will be named in the order of their forma- 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 37 

tion from right to left, and it should be borne in 
mind that the right regiment of one brigade will 
ordinarily face the left one of the opposing 
brigade. 

The 56th Pennsylvania was the first to move 
into line, and as it did so it immediately opened 
fire upon the 2d Mississippi. The other two 
regiments north of the railroad cut at once 
did the same, and Davis's advance was halted. 
Hall's Maine battery galloped up and relieved 
Calef's. On the left, Meredith's brigade — 
2d and 7th Wisconsin, 19th Indiana, and 24th 
Michigan Infantry, the 6th Wisconsin being in re- 
serve in rear near the seminary — advanced upon 
McPherson's woods, now known as Reynolds's 
Grove, just as the cavalry was being forced out 
of it. Opposed to it was Archer's brigade, — 
1 st Tennessee, 13th and 5th Alabama, 14th 
and 7th Tennessee Infantry, — which had crossed 
Willoughby Run and was moving up through the 
woods. Meredith's brigade at once charged, 
the 2d Wisconsin entering the woods, where it 
fought at close quarters, while the 7th Wiscon- 
sin, 19th Indiana, and 24th Michigan, farther to 
the left, swept down to and across the creek 
and up the slope beyond, taking the 1st Ten- 
nessee in flank and the rest of the line partially 
in the rear while the 2d Wisconsin fought it in 
front, compelling Archer and a number of men 



38 GETTYSBURG. 

to surrender and the rest to break in confusion. 
The three Federal regiments were then with- 
drawn across the creek into the woods and the 
brigade line reformed and shortened, the 7th 
going to right of the 2d Wisconsin and the 24th 
Michigan to right of the 19th Indiana. 

General Reynolds had returned to the left of 
the line as the 2d Wisconsin was charo-ingr into 
the woods, and while riding forward, and near 
the edge of the woods, was struck in the head 
by a bullet and almost instantly killed. This 
noble Pennsylvanian, who, like Meade, had 
commanded a brigade of the Pennsylvania Re- 
serves, and who had risen to the command of 
the First Corps, one of the idolized chieftains of 
the army, was doomed to fall, at the head of his 
troops, upon the soil of his native State. 

General Doubleday succeeded to the com- 
mand of the corps. North of the railroad cut 
the 42 d and 2d Mississippi advanced against 
the 76th New York, 56th Pennsylvania, and 
147th New York, in front, while the 55th North 
Carolina, overlapping their right, wheeled and 
took them in flank. The two right regiments 
were driven back, while the 147th was almost 
surrounded, and Hall's Maine battery, on its 
left, lost a gun. The 14th Brooklyn and 95th 
New York, south of the pike, being threatened 
in rear, were hastily withdrawn a short distance 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 39 

and formed a new line facing the cut, while the 
6th Wisconsin, in reserve near the seminary, 
double-quicked to their support, and, throwing 
two companies into the cut, took in flank the 
Confederates who had taken shelter in it. Ex- 
posed to front and flank fires, Davis was com- 
pelled to retreat with great loss, the prisoners 
including a large portion of the Mississippi regi- 
ments, with the colors of the 2d- The 147th 
New York was relieved from its dangerous 
position and the gun taken recaptured. 

It was now eleven o'clock, and Heth reformed 
his line. Archer's brigade was moved farther to 
the right, where it was held in check by Gam- 
ble's cavalry brigade. The remnant of Davis's 
brigade was withdrawn to its former position, 
still north of the pike. On its right, occupying the 
ground Archer had, was placed Brockenbrough's 
Virginia brigade, while on the right of the latter 
was Pettigrew's North Carolina brigade. Peg- 
ram's battalion of five batteries was reinforced by 
the eight batteries of Garnett's and Mcintosh's 
battalions, and all these continued the fire upon 
the Federal line. 

Upon the Federal side, Doubleday's Pennsyl- 
vania division of the First Corps had arrived, 
with the remaining four batteries of the corps. 
Biddle's brigade, the 151st Pennsylvania being 
left in reserve near the seminary, was posted 



40 GETTYSBURG. 

on the left of the woods occupied by Meredith's 
in the following - order: 14.26. Pennsylvania, 20th 
New York, and 121st Pennsylvania Infantry, 
Cooper's Pennsylvania battery being between 
the i42d and 20th. The brigade was opposed 
to the 52d, 47th, and 11th, and the right of 
the 26th North Carolina Infantry, of Pettigrew's 
brigade, the left of the 26th facing the woods. 
Stone's Pennsylvania brigade — 143d, 149th, 
and 150th Infantry — went into position beyond 
McPherson's barn, on the right of Meredith's 
brigade, and confronted at first the remnant of 
Davis's Mississippi brigade and the 47th and 
55th Virginia, of Brockenbrough's, the 2 2d and 
47th of the latter facing Meredith's brigade 
in the woods. Reynolds's New York battery 
took position in rear of McPherson's woods 
and orchard, and Stewart's United States and 
Stevens's Maine batteries in the rear on the 
slope near the seminary. Calef 's United States 
again relieved Hall's Maine on the pike. After 
another determined attempt upon the part of 
the Confederates to carry the line held by the 
First Corps, and after another hour of heavy 
musketry, the corps still retained its position 
against fearful odds. 

A little after one o'clock, as Pender's division 
of Hill's corps was about to reinforce Heth's in 
front, a new danger threatened the flank and 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 4 1 

rear of the First Corps. Devin's cavalry dis- 
covered the approach of Rodes's large division 
of five brigades of infantry of Ewell's corps 
coming from the north. It was moving along 
Oak Ridge, which is the northern prolongation 
of Seminary Ridge, held by the Federals. 

Fortunately, Robinson's division of the First 
Corps had reached the field some time before, 
and was lying in the grove near the seminary. 
Baxter's brigade moved rapidly to the Mum- 
masbure Road and formed along- it in this order : 
90th Pennsylvania, 12th Massachusetts, 88th 
Pennsylvania, 83d New York, 97th New York, 
and 1 ith Pennsylvania Infantry, just as O'Neal's 
Alabama brigade was advancing to it. Baxter's 
command had just encountered the Alabama 
brigade when it had to change front to the left 
to meet an attack by Iverson's North Carolina 
brigade, — 12th, 23d, 20th, and 5th Infantry. 
Taking position behind a stone wall along the 
crest of the hill, it poured destructive volleys 
into the North Carolinians and then charged 
them, while the right regiments of Cutler's 
brigade, which had been withdrawn to the ridge, 
swung around upon their flank. Iverson lost 
500 killed and wounded, 1000 prisoners, and 
3 stands of colors, the 88th Pennsylvania taking 
those of the 23d North Carolina and the 26th 
Alabama, the 97th New York those of the 20th 



42 GETTYSBURG. 

North Carolina, thus making the third success 
for the day for the troops of the First Corps. 

O'Neal's brigade was now advancing against 
the right, when the 90th Pennsylvania was put 
in position along the Mummasburg Road at 
right angles to the rest of the brigade, and 
Paul's brigade of the division — 13th Massa- 
chusetts, 104th New York, 16th Maine, 107th 
Pennsylvania, and 94th New York Infantry 
— moved to the support of Baxter's, extending 
and strengthening its line, a portion of the line 
being nearly parallel with the Mummasburg 
Road and the rest at right angles with it alone 
the ridge. O'Neal's Alabama brigade — 1 2th, 
26th, 6th, and 5th Infantry — attacked the right 
and was driven back in confusion. Ramseur's 
North Carolina brigade — 14th, 30th, 2d, and 
4th Infantry — reinforcing Iverson's, repeatedly 
attacked the front, but without success. 

Another of Rodes's brigades, Daniel's North' 
Carolina, moved past the front of Robinson's 
division, and while the 53d Regiment of the 
brigade, with the 3d Alabama, of O'Neal's, 
which had been detached from its brigade, and 
the 1 2th North Carolina, of Iverson's, attacked 
the 76th New York, 56th Pennsylvania, and 
147th New York, of Cutler's brigade, on the 
left of Robinson, Daniel's other regiments — 
3 2d, 45th, 2d (battalion), and the 43d North 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 43 

Carolina Infantry — moved farther to the right 
around to the railroad cut and attacked the 1 43d 
and 149th Pennsylvania, of Stone's brigade, 
which had been withdrawn from their first 
position and placed along the Chambersburg 
Pike to meet this attack. These regiments 
were mostly from the lumber regions of Penn- 
sylvania, and were expert riflemen, and the 
volleys with which they greeted Daniel's men 
were said by Confederate officers to be the 
most destructive they ever witnessed. 

With Rodes's division was Carter's battalion 
of artillery of four batteries, which took posi- 
tion upon Oak Ridge and added their destruc- 
tive fire to those of Hill's corps. Still, though 
exposed to this .fire of some sixty guns and 
attacked by eleven brigades, the First Corps of 
six brigades and six batteries held its ground 
until its rear was threatened by the repulse of 
the Eleventh Corps. 

In the mean time, General Howard had ar- 
rived and succeeded to the command. His 
corps, the Eleventh, now commanded by Schurz, 
had also come up, and Schurz' s and Barlow's 
divisions moved rapidly through the town and 
formed upon the open level ground north of it, 
while Steinwehr's division with Weidrick's New 
York battery remained in reserve upon East 
Cemetery Hill, south of the town. It was in- 



44 GETTYSBURG. 

tended that the two divisions should advance 
and prolong the line held by Robinson's division 
along Oak Ridge. But after nearly an hour of 
manoeuvring, these troops were put in line of 
battle, in the open low fields, where, without 
shelter of any kind, they were exposed to a very 
short-range fire of Carter's and Page's Virginia 
and Reese's Alabama batteries, posted on the 
ridge they were to occupy, and to that of the 
5th Alabama Sharp-shooters. At about 2.30 
o'clock, while still exposed to this fire, Von 
Amsberg's brigade of Schurz's division, — 61st 
Ohio, 82d Illinois, 74th Pennsylvania, 45th and 
157th New York Infantry, — on the right of the 
Mummasburg Road, gallantly advanced and 
encountered Doles's Georgia brigade of Rodes's 
division, — 21st, 44th, 4th, and 14th Infantry. 
Portions of O'Neal's Alabama brigade rein- 
forced Doles's, and Krzyzanowski's brigade — 
58th New York, 26th Wisconsin, 119th New 
York, 75th Pennsylvania, and 82d Ohio In- 
fantry — moved to the right and in support of 
Von Amsberg's, while Dilger's and Heckman's 
Ohio and Wheeler's New York batteries en- 
gaged those of the enemy. About the same 
time Barlow's division rapidly advanced to the 
right and took position on higher ground, be- 
tween the Carlisle and Harrisbure Roads. 
Barlow's command consisted of Von Gilsa's 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 45 

brigade, — 54th New York and 153d Pennsyl- 
vania Infantry (the 41st and 68th New York 
being detached), — Ames's brigade, — 17th Con- 
necticut, 25th, 75th, and 107th Ohio Infantry, — 
and Wilkeson's United States Battery. These 
regiments were threatening- the flank and rear 
of Rodes's division when, at three o'clock, 
Early's division, coming west from Heidlersburg, 
appeared upon their flank, and while the bat- 
teries of Jones's battalion of artillery enfiladed 
the Eleventh Corps line, Gordon's Georgia 
brigade — 60th, 31st, 13th, 61st, 38th, and 26th 
Infantry — suddenly emerged from beyond Rock 
Creek and attacked Barlow's division, which 
made a desperate resistance and then fell back 
to the Almshouse, where around the buildings 
it maintained itself until General Barlow had 
fallen severely wounded and Hays's Louisiana 
brigade, on the left of Gordon, was moving upon 
its rear, when it retreated to Cemetery Hill. 
In the mean while, Schurz's division had been 
compelled to fall back to the cross-road running 
from the Mummasburg Road to the Carlisle 
Road, where in the open ground it continued 
to fight until its right was turned, when it was 
driven through the town, several of the regi- 
ments, however, keeping their formation and 
retreating in order. 

Hays's Louisiana and Hoke's North Carolina 



46 GETTYSBURG. 

brigades, of Early's division, which were moving 
to cut off the retreat of the Eleventh Corps, 
were delayed by Devin's cavalry brigade until 
Coster's brigade of Stein wehr's division double- 
quicked from East Cemetery Hill to the north- 
east of the town to aid in covering the retreat. 
The 73d Pennsylvania threw up a barricade 
across the Harrisburg Road at the entrance to 
the town, while the 27th Pennsylvania and 134th 
and 154th New York Infantry moved out and 
pluckily encountered the enemy, being con- 
fronted by Hays's Louisiana brigade, — 5th, 6th, 
7th, 8th, and 9th Infantry, — and Hoke's North 
Carolina brigade, — 6th, 21st, and 57th Infantry. 
Fighting until they had lost half their numbers, 
while Devin's cavalry continued to harass the 
enemy on the flank, these regiments held their 
positions until the corps reached Cemetery Hill, 
with the loss of more than a thousand prisoners, 
most of whom were taken in the streets through 
which the corps crowded, and one gun. 

The withdrawal of the Eleventh Corps en- 
dangered the First. Robinson's division, as- 
sailed in front and flank, fighting desperately, 
the 1 6th Maine being almost sacrificed in cov- 
ering the movements, fell back along Oak Ridge 
to near the seminary, after which, with the rest 
of the corps, it withdrew to Cemetery Hill, being 
the last troops to leave the field. 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 47 

Returning to the left of the line, Meredith's 
brigade still held McPherson's woods, with 
Stone's brigade on its right on the pike and 
Biddle's on its left in the open field. While the 
fighting had been going on on the right, Brock- 
enbrough's Virginia brigade had again assaulted 
the woods and had again been repulsed. Petti- 
grew' s had also made a desperate attack upon 
Biddle's brigade. The 5 2d North Carolina, 
overlapping the line, had attacked the 121st 
Pennsylvania on the left in flank, compelling it 
to change front, and the 47th and nth North 
Carolina encountered the 20th New York and 
I42d Pennsylvania, while at the same time the 
26th North Carolina, fighting its way up by the 
woods, was penetrating a gap between the i42d 
Pennsylvania and the 19th Indiana, of Meredith's 
brigade, the left of which had been forced back. 
At this juncture the 151st Pennsylvania, which 
was in reserve near the seminary, rushed to the 
front and met the 26th North Carolina in one 
of the bloodiest struggles that took place on 
the field, as will be noticed when the losses of 
these regiments are stated. The Federal line 
was, however, still held. 

Pender's division of Hill's corps now also ad- 
vanced to the attack. Pettiprew's was relieved 
by Perrin's South Carolina brigade, — 1st, 14th, 
13th, and 1 2th Infantry, — and Brockenbrough's 



48 GETTYSBURG. 

was relieved by Scales' s North Carolina bri- 
gade, — 1 6th, 2 2d, 34th, 13th, and 38th Infantry, 
— while on the right of Perrin's was Lane's 
North Carolina brigade, — 7th, 37th, 28th, 18th, 
and 33d Infantry, — Thomas's Georgia brigade 
being kept in reserve. These three brigades at 
once renewed the attack upon the two small 
Federal brigades of Meredith and Biddle. 
Lane's was, however, halted by the fire which 
Gamble's brigade of dismounted cavalry poured 
into its flank at short carbine range, while a 
mounted regiment threatened it with a charge 
in front. Scales's and Perrin's fresh troops con- 
tinued to advance, and after an heroic resist- 
ance the decimated commands of Meredith and 
Biddle were forced, step by step, from the posi- 
tions they had held for so many hours to the 
open grove near the seminary, where they con- 
tinued the battle. 

Stone's Pennsylvania brigade still held its 
position. An attempt had been made to flank 
the 143d and 149th on the pike, but the 150th 
on the left changed front forward and repulsed 
the flanking force. Daniel's North Carolina 
and the remnant of Davis's Mississippi brigades 
succeeded in crossing the railroad-cut, and met 
the 143d and 149th face to face, while the left 
regiments of Brockenbrough's Virginia brigade 
attacked the 1 50th from the west ; but still the 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 49 

brigade held its ground until almost surrounded, 
Scales' s brigade having passed its rear, when it 
withdrew in perfect order to the position taken 
up by the other brigades and continued fight- 
ing. 

This was a new brigade, and this was really 
its first battle. General Doubleday says of it, — 



" It came upon the field shouting, ' We have come to 
stay !' and it kept the promise. Every regiment of the 
brigade changed front forward and two changed front to 
the rear while closely engaged. The most eminent military 
writers regard the first movement as difficult and the latter 
as almost impossible to be executed under fire." 



It was with the 1 50th that old John Burns, a 
citizen of the town, fought with his squirrel 
rifle until, by the advice of Colonel Wistar, 
he went into the woods and joined the 7th 
Wisconsin. 

From their new position these brigades of 
Stone, Meredith, and Biddle maintained the 
fight, while the corps artillery poured grape 
and canister into the double lines of battle ad- 
vancing upon their front and flank, the execu- 
tion of Stewart's Battery B, 4th United States, 
upon Scales' s brigade being fearful. Scales says 
his line was broken up, and only squads here 
and there indicated where regiments had stood. 



I 



50 GETTYSBURG. 

There was but one field-officer left in this 
brigade. 

At length, at four o'clock, the First Corps, 
after contending for six hours against more 
than twice its numbers, was, by the withdrawal 
of the Eleventh Corps, compelled to withdraw 
to Cemetery Hill, taking back all its artillery 
except a single gun, the horses of which had 
been killed. It lost but one flag, that of the 
150th Pennsylvania, whose guard having all 
been killed or wounded, the bearer, being 
wounded, sat down in the town to rest and was 
killed. This flag was presented to Jefferson 
Davis, and was found among his baggage when 
he was captured. 

Keeping more to the west, the First Corps 
avoided the streets, which were crowded with 
the troops of the broken Eleventh Corps, and 
retired in good order to Cemetery Hill, Gam- 
ble's brigade of cavalry covering its retreat, as 
Devin's had that of the Eleventh. 

General Meade was back at Taney town when 
he received news of General Reynolds's death 
and a message from Buford urging him to 
send some one to take command. He had in 
the mean time directed General Hancock to 
turn over the command of the Second Corps 
to General Gibbon and proceed to Gettysburg. 
Hancock arrived just as the Eleventh Corps 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 5 I 

reached Cemetery Hill. He at once restored 
order and inspired confidence. The batteries 
were placed so as to sweep the approaches to 
the hill, he personally putting Stewart's upon 
the Baltimore Pike. The Eleventh Corps was 
posted along Cemetery Hill, while Wadsworth's 
division of the First went into position on its 
right on Culp's Hill, and Robinson's and Dou- 
bleday's prolonged the line to the left of the 
Eleventh. Farther to the left, towards Round 
Top, was Buford's cavalry. General Hancock 
said, "The splendid spectacle of that gallant 
cavalry as it stood there, unshaken and un- 
daunted, was one of the most inspiring sights 
of my military experience." About five o'clock 
General Sickles arrived from Emmittsburcj with 
portions of the Third Corps, and extended the 
line nearly to Round Top. An hour later, 
General Slocum came up with the Twelfth 
Corps, Williams's division going on the right of 
Wadsworth's, and Geary's on the extreme left, 
on the slope of Round Top. During the night 
the Second Corps reached the field and went 
into position between the First and Third. 
Slocum, outranking Hancock, assumed com- 
mand until General Meade arrived at midnight. 
Fortunately, the enemy had failed to take 
advantage of its success and attack the posi- 
tion until the arrival of these fresh troops had 



52 GETTYSBURG. 

made it secure, and the battle of the first day 
was ended. 

Having related where the several commands 
fought on that day, it may be interesting to 
consider how they fought, as shown by the 
losses they suffered. 

In order to anticipate criticism and question- 
ing of the correctness of the figures here given, 
it should be understood that the losses in the 
Federal regiments are taken from the official 
reports. Of course, subsequent information 
shows that these figures should be revised. 
Many of those reported missing, it was after- 
wards learned, were either killed or wounded, 
and on an average a fourth of the missing 
should be added to the killed or wounded. In 
inscriptions upon many of the monuments these 
corrections have been made, the Memorial As- 
sociation being furnished with the names of the 
killed and wounded in affidavits of those com- 
petent to make them. But, to save confusion, 
the figures will be taken from the official reports, 
and the reader can bear in mind that in most 
instances a fourth of the missing should be 
added to the killed and wounded, in many cases 
the percentage being even higher. This will 
be just to all the commands. As to the Con- 
federate reports, unfortunately, little reliance 



FIRST DAYS BATTLE. 53 

can be placed in their accuracy, the losses being 
generally understated. For instance, they re- 
port a loss at Gettysburg of captured or missing 
of 5150, while the record of prisoners of war 
in the office of the Adjutant-General at Wash- 
ington bears the names of 12,227 captured at 
Gettysburg from July 1 to 5. Again, for Iver- 
son's brigade, there is a report of 308 captured 
or missing, while Robinson's division captured 
over 1000 of that brigade in one charge. 
There is not much doubt that this understate- 
ment of losses upon the part of the Confeder- 
ates was not only sanctioned but required by 
their war department and the commander of 
their army, as is shown by the following 
general order : 



"General Lee's Orders, No. 63. 

" Head-quarters of Army of Northern 
"Virginia, May 14, 1863. 

" The practice which prevails in the army of including in 
the list of casualties those cases of slight injuries which do 
not incapacitate the recipients for duty is calculated to 
mislead our friends and encourage our enemies by giving 
false impressions as to the extent of our losses. 

" The loss sustained by brigade or regiment is by no 
means an indication of the services performed or perils 
encountered, as experience shows that those who attack 
rapidly, vigorously, and effectually generally suffer the least. 
It is therefore ordered that in the future the reports of the 
wounded shall include only those whose injuries, in the 



54 GETTYSBURG. 

opinion of medical officers, render them unfit for duty. 
It has also been observed that the published reports of 
casualties are in some instances unaccompanied by a state- 
ment of the number of men taken into action. The Com- 
manding General deems it unnecessary to do more than 
direct the attention of the officers to the impropriety of 
thus furnishing the enemy with the means of computing 
our strength, in order to insure the immediate suppression 
of this pernicious and useless custom. 

" By command of General Lee, 

"W. H. Taylor, 
" Assistant Adjutant- General. ' ' 

It is to be regretted that this policy of under- 
stating the losses upon the Confederate side 
was pursued, and that they cannot be given 
with exactness, for it would not only be interest- 
ing but a fitting tribute to the bravery of the 
troops. 

The same modesty, however, was not always 
shown in reporting successes. Especially was 
this so with Brockenbrough's Virginia brigade, 
which is reported by General Heth as having 
captured two stands of colors, "the names of 
those who did it and the regiments to which the 
flags belonged, unfortunately, not being given," 
he says. There was a good reason for this 
failure to give particulars, for the only Federal 
flag taken on that line was that of the 149th 
Pennsylvania, which was placed to the left of that 
regiment at the railroad cut to deceive and en- 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 55 

tice the enemy, and which was captured by men 
of Davis's Mississippi brigade after all the guard 
had fallen. It, however, was recaptured in a 
charge by the 1 50th Pennsylvania. The colors 
of the latter regiment were taken in the town 
by men of Daniel's North Carolina brigade, in 
the manner before stated. Again, care was not 
observed even in making the reports of losses 
that were made, as shown in Lane's brigade, 
whose losses in the battle are stated in the offi- 
cial report as 389 and in another of August 13 
as 660. 

Then, in considering the losses of Archer's, 
Davis's, Pettigrew's, Scales's, and Lane's bri- 
gades, it must be remembered that they partici- 
pated in Longstreet's assault, July 3, and that 
their reported losses include those for both 
days, as do those of O'Neal's and Daniel's in- 
clude the losses in their fight at Culp's Hill on 
the 3d. 

From the interesting statistics compiled by 
Colonel Fox in his "Regimental Losses," and 
the revised reports of the War Department, it 
would appear that there were about three 
killed or mortally wounded to seven otherwise 
wounded. 

Commencing on the left, where the battle was 
opened by the First Corps, the losses were, — 



56 



GETTYSBURG. 



REYNOLDS'S GROVE AND VICINITY. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 
Cutler' s Brigade. 

Regiment. ^nded" Missi ^ £? Engaged. 

56th Penna 74 56 130 252 

76th N. Y 164 70 234 378 

14th Brooklyn . . . . 1 18 99 217 . . 

95th N. Y 69 46 115 

147th N. Y 177 92 269 380 

Total 602 363 965 

In only a few instances is the number engaged 
reported. 

Subsequent reports show that of the ninety- 
two missing in the 147th New York, 40 were 
found to have been killed or severely wounded. 

The dead of this regiment distinctly marked 
the line it held with great regularity. 

Meredith's Brigade. 

*■"■««■ wounded' biasing. fota 1 Engaged 

2d Wis 182 51 233 302 

6th Wis 146 22 168 

7th Wis 126 52 178 . . 

19th Ind 160 50 210 338 »- 

24th Mich 272 91 363 496 

Total 886 266 1152 

The 24th Michigan was a new regiment, this 
being its first battle. It suffered the greatest 
numerical, but not the greatest pro rata, loss 
of any Federal regiment in the battle. It had 



first day's battle. 57 

7 color-bearers killed and all the guard killed 
or wounded. 

Stone's Brigade. 

143d Penna 162 91 253 465 

149th Penna 225 1 1 1 336 450 

150th Penna 187 77 264 397 

Total 574 279 853 1312 

This, as before stated, was the first battle for 
this splendid brigade, and it here commenced 
its brilliant record. 

Bidd/e's Brigade. 

20th N. Y 146 24 

1 21 st Penna 1 18 61 

I42d Penna 141 70 

151st Penna 237 100 

Total 642 255 



The 151st Pennsylvania was one of the two 
Pennsylvania nine months' regiments engaged 
in the battle, and whose time expired in a few 
days. In it were several companies recruited 
from academies, one company being exclusively 
composed of boys from the academy in Juniata 
County, of which Colonel McFarland, who here 
lost his leg, was the principal, and in the regi- 
ment were over a hundred who had been school- 
teachers. 



Total 


„ 


loss. 




170 


287 


179 


306 


211 


362 


337 


467 


897 


1422 



58 GETTYSBURG. 

It contended for most of the time with the 
26th North Carolina, which lost 584 out of 800 
engaged, and also for a time with the 12th 
South Carolina. The manner in which it fought 
is not only shown by its loss, twenty-five of the 
missing, as it was afterwards learned, being 
amone the killed, but General Heth, in his re- 
port, speaking of the line held by this regiment, 
says the "dead of the enemy marked its line 
of battle with the accuracy of a line at a dress 
parade." 

Artillery Brigade. 

n „ Killed and 

Battery, wounded. 

Hall's Me 18 

Stevens's Me 23 

Reynolds's N. Y 17 

Cooper's Penna II 

Stewart's U. S 36 

Total 105 

Gamble's Cavalry Brigade. 

*«*--'• wo" Missi °e- 

8th 111 6 1 

12th 111 14 6 

3d Ind 27 5 »«»«1 

8th N. Y 24 16 

Caley's U. S. Battery 12 ... 

Total 83 28 

CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 

The losses of the enemy facing these troops 
during the day, as reported, were, — 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 59 

Davis 's Mississippi Brigade. 

*-*»"»• K wo e u d nd a e n d d 

2d Miss 232 

42d Miss 265 

55th N. C 198 

Total 695 

There are no missing reported for the brigade, 
though the greater part of the first two regi- 
ments was captured. A portion of the other 
losses was suffered on the 3d. 

Archer's Tennessee Brigade. 

The 13th Alabama, 5th Alabama, 12th Ten- 
nessee, 7th Tennessee, and 14th Tennessee re- 
port a loss of 160 killed and wounded and 517 
missing, 75 of which were captured on the 1st, 
the rest being lost on the 3d. 

Brockenbrough' s Virginia Brigade. 

The 40th, 47th, 55th, and 2 2d (Battalions) re- 
ported a total loss of killed and wounded of 148. 

Pettigrew 1 s North Carolina Brigade. 

r> • . Killed and 

Kegiment. . , 

& wounded. 

nth N. C 209 

26th N. C 588 

47th N. C 161 

52dN. C 147 

Total 1105 



60 GETTYSBURG. 

The loss of the 26th should be 584, and of 
the remaining 216, 130 were lost on the 3d, its 
total loss in the battle being 588 killed and 
wounded and 126 missing out of 800 engaged. 
One company, 3 officers and 84 men, lost all 
but one. 

A company in the nth went into the fight 
with 3 officers and 35 men and lost 2 officers 
and 3 1 men, the captain and 4 men going into 
the fight on the 3d and 3 of them being killed 
or wounded. 

This brigade lost over 500 additional on the 3d. 

Scales 1 s North Carolina Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

b wounded. 

13th N. C 126 

16th N. C 66 

22d N. C 89 

34th N. C 64 

38th N. C 79 

Total 424 

Missing, no. 

The missing and probably 100 of the others 
were lost on the 3d. 

Perrin's South Carolina Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

wounded. 

1st S. C 95 

1st S. C. Rifles 11 

12th S. C 132 

13th S. C 130 

14th S. C 209 

Total 577 



FIRST DAY'S BATTLE. 6 1 

Lane's North Carolina brigade suffered but 
slight loss on the first day, probably not over 
1 20, it being engaged but slightly. Most of 
its reported loss occurred on the 3d, the total 
being 660. 

Daniel 's North Carolina Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

° wounded. 

32d N. C 142 

43 d N - C 147 

45th N. C 219 

53^ N. C 117 

2d N. C. Battalion 153 

Total 778 

Missing, 116. 

The loss of this brigade on the first day was 
approximately 750. 

Pegram's, Mcintosh's, and Garnett's artil- 
lery reported 84 killed and wounded and 16 
missing-. 

The total Federal losses in the vicinity of 
Reynolds's Grove in the brigades of Cutler, 
Meredith, Stone, and Biddle, constituting the 
divisions of Wadsworth and Doubleday (tem- 
porarily under the command of Rowley), and 
including those of the corps artillery and Gam- 
ble's cavalry, were 2880 killed and wounded 
and 1 191 missing, while those of the eight Con- 
federate brigades opposing them were, accord- 
ing to their imperfect reports, 3971 killed and 
wounded and 317 missing. 



62 



GETTYSBURG. 



OAK RIDGE. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 
Baxter's Brigade. 

R ^-nt. HjW-J Missing. 

nth Penna 70 62 

S8th Penna 59 51 

90th Penna 50 44 

83d N. Y 24 58 

97th N.Y 48 78 

12th Mass 57 59 

Total 308 352 

Paul' 's Brigade. 

13th Mass 84 101 

94th N. Y 78 175 

104th N. Y 102 92 

107 th Penna 67 98 

16th Me 68 164 

Total 399 630 



Total 


-, 


loss. 




132 


292 


110 


296 


94 


208 


82 




126 


. . 


116 


. . 



660 



Total 




loss. 




185 


. . 


253 


. . 


194 


. . 


16s 


255 


232 


298 



1029 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 



The losses of the enemy opposing these two 
brigades were, — 



O'JVeal's Alabama Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

a wounded. 

3d Ala 91 

6th Ala 131 

12th Ala 83 

26th Ala 130 

Total 435 

Missing, 193. 



FIRST DAY'S BATTLE. 63 

Iver sorts North Carolina Brigade. 

■d ;___. Killed and 

Re e ,ment - wounded. 

5th N. C 143 

12th N. C 56 

20th N. C 122 

23d N. C 134 

Total 455 

Missing, 308. 

Ratnseur' s North Carolina Brigade. 

Regiment. KiHedand MUsing ^ 

2d N. C 31 I 32 

4th N. C 32 24 56 

14th N. C 42 2 44 

30th N. C 40 5 45 

Total 145 32 177 

A portion of the loss of O'Neal's brigade 
was incurred at Culp's Hill on the morning of 
the 3d. It is known that Iverson lost in prison- 
ers over 1000, and at one time he reported his 
loss in killed and wounded at 500. 

The total losses of the brigades of Baxter and 
Paul, Robinson's division, First Corps, on Oak 
Ridge were 707 killed and wounded and 982 
missing, and those of the troops opposing them 
were 955 killed and wounded and at least 1400 
missing. 

The total losses of the First Corps this day 
were 3587 killed and wounded and 2 1 j^ missing, 
while those of the enemy confronting it were 
4926 killed and wounded and 171 7 missing. 



64 GETTYSBURG. 

ELEVENTH CORPS, LINE. 

It is a great injustice to the troops of the 
Eleventh Corps to suppose, as is often done, 
that they did not fight with bravery on July i, 
and nothing more eloquently tells of the courage 
they exhibited while exposed in the open level 
ground to the fire of eighteen guns than the 
statement of their losses. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 
Von Ams berg's Brigade. 

Regiment. ™£» d Missing. joud £ngaged 

82dlll 23 89 112 

45th N. Y 45 168 213 . . 

157th N. Y 193 114 307 

6istOhio 42 12 54 . . 

74thPenna. ..... 50 70 120 381 

Total 353 453 806 . . 

Krzyzanowski 1 s Brigade. 

Regiment. *™**3? M ™<*- Toss*' E "^ d - 

119th N. Y 81 59 140 . . 

82d N. Y 102 89 191 . . 

26th Wis 155 62 217 

75th Penna 128 3 131 208 

Total 466 213 679 . . 

Von Gi/sa's Brigade. 

Regiment. ^and MUsing T ^ 

54th N. Y 54 48 102 

153d Penna 165 46 211 

Total 219 94 313 



FIRST DAY S BATTLE. 



65 



Ames's Brigade. 

17th Conn 101 96 197 386 

25th Ohio 109 75 184 350 

75th Ohio 90 96 186 . . 

107th Ohio 134 77 211 

Total 434 344 778 

Coster's Brigade. 

„ Killed and »«•• . 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssin g- 

27th Penna 34 77 

134th N.Y 193 59 

154th N.Y 22 178 

Total 249 314 

Corps Artillery. 

Killed and 
wounded. 

Wheeler's N. Y. Battery 8 

Dilger's Ohio Battery 13 

Heckman's Ohio Battery 13 2 

Wilkeson's U. S. Battery 13 4 

Total 47 9 



Total 
loss. 

Ill 

252 
200 

5*3 



Missing. 

3 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 

The losses of the enemy opposing 
Eleventh Corps were, — 

Doles' s Georgia Brigade. 

■c ■ Killed and .,. • Total 

Re S ,ment - wounded. Mlssln S- loss. 

4th Ga 38 7 45 

i2thGa 39 10 49 

21st Ga 12 7 19 

44th Ga 9 58 67 

5th Ala. (O'Neal's Brigade) . . 209 . . 209 

Total 307 82 389 

5 



the 



66 GETTYSBURG. 

A part of the loss of this brigade was caused 
by the flank fire of the right regiments of Paul's 
brigade of the First Corps. 

Gordon's Georgia Brigade. 

•o ■ Killed and »»;„;„ Total 

*««"»«"• wounded. Mlssln S- lois. 

13th Ga 103 . . 103 

26th Ga 6 5 II 

3ist Ga 43 . . 43 

38th Ga 63 29 92 

60th Ga 33 5 38 

61st Ga 93 . . 93 

Total 341 39 380 

Hays's brigade, 63 ; Hoke's, 145. 

The total losses of the Eleventh Corps on 
this day, in less than two hours, were 1768 
killed and wounded and 1427 missing. Those 
of the enemy, as reported, were 856 killed and 
wounded and 121 missing. 

The casualties in the Eleventh Corps were 
in a great measure caused by the terrific artil- 
lery fire of Carter's eighteen guns posted on 
Oak Ridge, but a short distance in front. 

The Federal losses for the day in the two 
corps were 5355 killed and wounded and 3600 
missing. The Confederate losses were 5882 
killed and wounded and 1838 missing. 

Among the casualties were General Rey- 
nolds, killed ; Generals Meredith, Stone, and 
Biddle, Colonel Wistar, who succeeded Stone 
in command of the brigade, General Paul, shot 



FIRST DAY'S BATTLE. 6j 

through both eyes, Colonels Leonard, Root, and 
Coulter, who succeeded to the command of 
Paul's brigade. Besides these were the colonel 
and lieutenant-colonel 2d Wisconsin, lieutenant- 
colonel 7th Wisconsin, lieutenant-colonel 19th 
Indiana, colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major 
24th Michigan, major commanding 76th New 
York, colonels 95th and 147th New York, major 
commanding 88th Pennsylvania, colonel I42d 
Pennsylvania, colonel and major 149th Pennsyl- 
vania, colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major 
150th Pennsylvania, colonel 151st Pennsylvania, 
of the First Corps, and General Barlow, and the 
colonels of the 1 7th Connecticut, 26th Wisconsin, 
82d Ohio, and 1 19th New York, of the Eleventh. 

Of the 28 regiments of the First Corps en- 
gaged this day, there were 1 1 of Pennsylvania, 
9 of New York, 3 of Wisconsin, 2 of Massa- 
chusetts, 1 of Indiana, 1 of Michigan, and 1 of 
Maine. Of the 48 regiments opposing them 
there were 28 of North Carolina, 6 of Alabama, 
5 of South Carolina, 4 of Virginia, 3 of Ten- 
nessee, and 2 of Mississippi. 

Of the 20 regiments of the Eleventh Corps 
engaged, there were 7 of New York, 5 of Ohio, 
5 of Pennsylvania, 1 of Connecticut, 1 of Illi- 
nois, 1 of Wisconsin ; and of the 19 regiments 
opposing them, 10 were of Georgia, 5 of Louisi- 
ana, 3 of North Carolina, and 1 of Alabama. 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE, JULY 2. 

On the morning of Thursday, July 2, the po- 
sition of the Federal troops, which remained 
nearly the same during the remainder of the 
battle, was as follows : 

Slocum's Twelfth Corps had the right, Wil- 
liams's division occupying an irregular line, run- 
ning from Rock Creek by way of Spangler's 
Spring to Culp's Hill, and Geary's division 
being posted on the hill, having been moved 
from its former position near Round Top. 
Wadsworth's division of the First Corps held 
the line between Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill. 
At the foot of Cemetery Hill was Barlow's 
division of the Eleventh Corps, now commanded 
by Ames ; on the hill, across the pike, was the 
division of Schurz, of the same corps, and on 
the left of it was that of Steinwehr. On the left 
of Steinwehr was Robinson's division of the 
First Corps (the corps now being commanded 
by Newton), extending across the Taneytown 
Road as far as Zeigler's Grove, while Double- 
day's division of the same corps was in reserve 
in rear. On the left of Zeigder's Grove was 
Hancock's Second Corps, the divisions of Hays, 

68 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 69 

Gibbon, and Caldwell, then Sickles's Third 
Corps, the divisions of Humphreys and Birney. 
Later in the day, the Fifth Corps, under Sykes, 
which had marched all night from Hanover and 
arrived in the early morning, near where Rock 
Creek crosses the Baltimore Pike, occupied the 
ground on and about Round Top, on the left 
of the Third Corps. The Sixth Corps, under 
Sedgwick, which came up late in the afternoon 
of this day after a continuous march of thirty- 
two miles, was posted in the rear as a reserve, 
and portions of it were moved to different points 
of the field, as circumstances demanded. On 
the left was Buford's cavalry. 

The Federal line from Cemetery Hill to 
Round Top faced nearly west, but from Ceme- 
tery Hill to the extreme right it faced east, 
being about four miles long, nearly semicircular 
in shape, the two flanks being one and a half 
miles distant. The Confederate line was nearly 
the same shape, but, being the outer line, was 
about five and a half miles long. On the right 
of it, in front of Round Top, were the divisions 
of Hood and McLaws, of Longstreet's corps. 
On their left, extending along Seminary Ridge, 
were the divisions of Anderson and Pender, of 
Hill's corps, on the left of which, extending 
around and through the town, was Rodes's di- 
vision of Ewell's corps, then Early's and John- 



70 GETTYSBURG. 

son's divisions of the same corps, the latter 
reaching to Benner's Hill, on Rock Creek. 
Heth's division of Hill's corps was in reserve 
in the rear some distance, near where the 
Springs Hotel now stands. Pickett's division 
of Longstreet's corps was back towards Cham- 
bersburg, guarding trains. 

Meade's head-quarters was on the Taney town 
Road, a short distance in the rear of the Second 
Corps. 

Lee's head-quarters was in the brick house, 
on the Chambersburg Road, in the rear of and 
near the seminary. 

Wednesday night and Thursday forenoon 
passed in comparative silence, there being but 
little firing. But the troops had not been idle. 
Here and there rifle-pits were thrown up and 
defences made of the fences and stone walls, 
salients and lunettes constructed, artillery placed 
in position, ammunition and supplies brought 
up, and all preparations made for the impend- 
ing contest. 

By some mistake, Bu ford's two brigades of 
cavalry had been ordered to Westminster before 
Merritt's regular brigade or that of Farnsworth, 
of Kilpatrick's division, had arrived to take 
their places, and there had been thus left no 
protection on the flank. 

To discover what force confronted him, Gen- 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 7 1 

eral Sickles ordered Berdan's ist United States 
Sharp-shooters and the 3d Maine Infantry on a 
reconnoissance into the woods, a mile or more 
beyond the Emmittsburg Road, where they met 
Wilcox's brigade, — 8th, 9th, 10th, nth, and 14th 
Alabama Infantry, — and were compelled to fall 
back. 

Convinced that a strong force of the enemy 
was in front, Sickles moved the Third Corps to 
what he thought a better position. Birney's 
division was thrown out on a line almost per- 
pendicular to Cemetery Hill, reaching from the 
Peach Orchard on the right towards Little 
Round Top, while Humphreys's division was 
advanced to the Emmittsburg Road, at a right 
angle to Birney's. The left of the line nearest to 
Round Top was held by Ward's brigade, in the tC 
woods beyond Devil's Den, the right of it reach- 
ing into the "Wheat-Field;" De Trobriand's 
came next, extending the line through the field 
and woods in the direction of the Peach Orchard, 
at the intersection of the Emmittsburg and 
Millerstown Roads, which was held by Graham's 
brigade, part of which faced south and the bal- 
ance west along the Emmittsburg Road. On 
the right of Graham, extending along the road 
about half a mile from Sherfy's house to near 
Codori's house, were the brigades of Brewster 
and Carr, of Humphreys's division. Burling's 



V 



72 GETTYSBURG. 

brigade was in the rear of De Trobriand and 
Ward, and was afterwards divided and sent to 
reinforce different parts of the line. The 
batteries of the corps were well posted, Turn- 
bull's F, 3d United States, was near Hum- 
phreys's right ; on its left was Seely's K, 4th 
United States, while Randolph's E, 1st Rhode 
Island, was behind the Sherfy house, Clark's 
New Jersey on the road running towards Round 
Top, Smith's New York on the knoll above 
Devil's Den, in front of Round Top, and Wins- 
low's New York in the Wheat-Field, to the 
right. 

Lee had perceived this projection of Meade's 
left and took advantage of it. He prepared to 
turn that flank, and hoped to take his line in 
reverse and drive it from its strong position. 
He directed Longstreet to make the attempt, 
while Ewell should attack Meade's right and 
Hill threaten his centre, so as to prevent rein- 
forcements being sent to the left. Longstreet 
moved under cover of heavy fire of his guns on 
Seminary Ridge and at other points. He sent 
his right division under Hood to strike De 
Trobriand and Ward on the left. 

At about four o'clock Hood's division ad- 
vanced, and, driving back the 2d United States 
Sharp-shooters upon the skirmish line, the 1st 
Texas and 3d Arkansas Infantry, of Robert- 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 73 

son's Texas brigade, advanced upon Smith's 
battery, on the knoll above Devil's Den, 
and were encountered by the left of Ward's 
brigade, — 99th Pennsylvania and 4th Maine 
Infantry, — while Anderson's Georgia brigade — 
59th, nth, 9th, 7th, and 8th Infantry — attacked -y( 
the right of Ward's, — 20th Indiana, 86th and 
124th New York Infantry (the 3d Maine and 1st 
United States Sharp-shooters of this brigade 
being detached at the Peach Orchard). A des- 
perate struggle ensued; the 1st Texas at one 
time almost seized the battery ; but the enemy, 
being attacked in flank by De Trobriand, was 
repulsed. The left of Anderson's brigade 
— 9th, 7th, and 8th Infantry — then attacked 
De Trobriand's brigade, — 110th Pennsylvania, 
5th Michigan, and 17th Maine Infantry — and 
was also repulsed. Robertson and Anderson 
were now reinforced by Benning's brigade, — 
15th, 17th, 20th, and 2d Georgia Infantry, — and 
the three brigades made a desperate assault 
upon those of De Trobriand and Ward, which, 
though greatly outnumbered, held their ground, 
aided by Smith's and Winslow's New York 
batteries. 

In the mean time, Law's brigade, — 15th, 47th, 
4th, 44th, and 48th Alabama Infantry, — with 
the 4th and 5th Texas, of Robertson's brigade, 
the two latter regiments following Law by a 



N 



74 GETTYSBURG. 

misunderstanding of orders, moved forward, 
over as rough ground as was ever passed over 
by troops, to seize Round Top, and were, after 
skirmishing with the 2d United States Sharp- 
shooters, met by the 4th Maine, 40th New York, 
and 6th New Jersey Infantry, the latter being 
of Burling' s brigade, which had been hurried 
into position to oppose them. Though making 
brave resistance, these regiments were forced 
back, and the position of Round Top and 
Ward's left endangered. 

De Trobriand's brigade again repulsed that 
of Anderson, who was severely wounded, but 
Ward's, having been reduced in reinforcing the 
troops trying to protect Round Top, was again 
assailed by Robertson's and Benning's brigades. 

Kershaw's brigade of McLaws's division, — 
15th, 7th, 3d, 2d, and 8th South Carolina, — 
coming up, also threatened the right of De Tro- 
briand's brigade, now composed of but three 
regiments. 

Cabell's Confederate battalion of Carlton's 
Georgia, Fraser's Georgia, McCarthy's Virginia, 
and Manley's North Carolina batteries, and Al- 
exander's battalion of Jordan's Virginia, Wool- 
folk's Virginia, Moody's Louisiana, Rhett's 
South Carolina, Taylor's Virginia, and Parker's 
Virginia batteries, in all about sixty guns, had 
taken position on Warfield Ridge, and were 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 75 

directing their fire upon the Third Corps, and 
especially upon the troops at the Peach Or- 
chard and along the Emmittsburg Road, while 
Latham's and Reilly's North Carolina batteries, 
posted beyond the Emmittsburg Road, directed 
their fire upon Devil's Den and Round Top. 
Upon the Federal side, Ames's New York, 
Thompson's Pennsylvania, and Hart's New 
York batteries had been sent to the Peach 
Orchard, and Phillips's and Bigelow's Massachu- 
setts were put in position on the cross-road to 
the left of the orchard. 

In the mean time, Sykes had been ordered up 
with the Fifth Corps, which had been resting in 
the rear, and Tilton's and Sweitzer's brigades of 
Barnes's division went into position on the right 
and rear of De Trobriand's brigade. Kershaw's 
right regiments, — 15th, 7th. and 3d South Caro- 
lina, — facing east, attacked the 1 18th Pennsylva- 
nia, 1 8th and 2 2d Massachusetts, and 1st Michi- 
gan Infantry, of Tilton's brigade, on the right 
of De Trobriand's, while his left regiments, — 3d 
(battalion), 2d, and 8th, — facing north, attacked 
the 3d Maine, 3d Michigan, and 141st Pennsyl- 
vania Infantry at the Peach Orchard. Tilton's 
brigade, being unprotected on the right, retired, 
exposing the right of De Trobriand, and com- 
pelling Sweitzer's brigade — 32d Massachusetts, 
62d Pennsylvania, and 4th Michigan Infantry (the 



76 GETTYSBURG. 

9th Massachusetts being on picket duty) — to fall 
back, notwithstanding the stubborn resistance 
it made. 

During this time, General Warren, chief 
engineer G n Meade's staff, had ascended Little 
Round Top, and not only saw the importance 
of holding it, but saw the columns of the enemy 
under Law, of Hood's division, advancing to 
seize it, driving before them the regiments at its 
feet. He hastened to the road where Ayres's 
division of the Fifth Corps was passing to the 
front, detached the 140th New York Infantry 
from Weed's brigade, and hurried it up the 
steep hill. 

Before the 140th reached its position, Vin- 
cent's brigade of Barnes's division, which had 
been sent to hold Round Top, arrived upon the 
summit and went into position upon a ledge 
just below, the 16th Michigan Infantry on the 
right, the 44th New York and 83d Pennsyl- 
vania in the centre, and the 20th Maine on 
the left. Hood's troops were already charging 
up the hill, and a desperate encounter ensued. 
At last, Law, believing he could not force the 
front, attempted a flank movement upon the 
1 6th Michigan with the 48th and the 44th Ala- 
bama Infantry, while the 4th Alabama, 5th and 
4th Texas attacked the 16th Michigan, 44th 
New York, and 83d Pennsylvania in front. At 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. J "f 

the same time the 47th Alabama engaged the 
20th Maine farther to the left in front, and the 
1 5th Alabama endeavored to turn its left. The 
movement upon the flank of the 16th Michigan 
was proving successful, when O'Rorke reached 
the right of the 16th with his 140th New York. 
The enemy were within a few feet of the top, 
and O'Rorke had no time to form, but charged 
his regiment down the opposite slope. Haz- 
lett's Battery D, 5th United States, had, by 
great effort, scaled the heights and opened upon 
the Confederates. 

The youthful O'Rorke, who had but two 
years before left West Point, was among the 
killed. 

For nearly an hour the terrible conflict went 
on upon the crest of Little Round Top, the 
fighting continuing desperate (especially on the 
front of the 83d Pennsylvania and the 20th 
Maine), where at times the enemy broke through, 
and hand-to-hand encounters occurred. At last 
a charge of the 20th, when its ammunition was 
exhausted, led by Colonel Chamberlain, drove 
the enemy from the hill with a loss of many pris- 
oners. The balance of Weed's brigade — 91st 
and 155th Pennsylvania, and 146th New York — 
had taken position on Vincent's right, and the 
rocky summit of the Federal left was secured, 
but at the cost of the lives of Generals Vincent 



J 8 GETTYSBURG. 

and Weed, Colonel O'Rorke, Lieutenant Haz- 
lett, and many others. General Vincent was 
killed while urging on his men. He had just 
been promoted from the colonelcy of the 83d 
Pennsylvania, by which regiment, and by his 
whole brigade, he was greatly beloved, being a 
cultured and gallant young officer. 

General Weed was slain at his former bat- 
tery, Hazlett's, on the summit of Little Round 
Top. Seeing his commander fall, Lieutenant 
Hazlett hastened to his side. The general 
seemed desirous of telling something, and while 
Hazlett was bending over him the bullet of a 
sharp-shooter killed the lieutenant, and he fell 
upon the body of his dead comrade. The Con- 
federate General Hood was also wounded here. 

Beyond Devil's Den, along the line of Bir- 
ney's division, the struggle still continued. 
Robertson's 1st Texas and 3d Arkansas, Ben- 
ning's 15th, 17th, 20th, and 4th Georgia, and 
the 59th and nth Georgia of Anderson's re- 
newed the attack upon Ward's brigade, — 20th 
Indiana, 86th and 124th New York, and 99th 
Pennsylvania, — and drove it, with Smith's and 
Winslow's batteries, the former losing three 
guns, from the ground, young Colonel Ellis, of 
the 124th New York, being among the killed. 

De Trobriand's three regiments — 1 10th Penn- 
sylvania, 17th Maine, and 5th Michigan (the 3d 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 79 

Michigan being at the Peach Orchard and the 
40th New York having been sent to the left of 
Ward) — had been reinforced by the 8th New- 
Jersey and 115th Pennsylvania, of Burling's 
brigade. Benning's brigade at once assailed 
De Trobriand's thin line on the left flank, while 
Anderson's attacked it in front and Kershaw's 
threatened it from the right. The 2d South 
Carolina attempted to take Clark's New Jersey 
battery, to the right, but the 141st Pennsylvania, 
of Graham's brigade, lying in the road to the 
left of the Peach Orchard, poured into the regi- 
ment such destructive volleys that it was almost 
destroyed. 

But the remnant of Birney's troops on the 
left was almost surrounded, though still fighting, 
when Caldwell's First Division of the Second 
Corps, which Hancock sent to the assistance 
of the Third Corps, arrived and moved into the 
Wheat-Field, which was to be afterwards known 
as the "whirlpool" of the battle. This was 
Hancock's old division, the largest in the Army 
of the Potomac, and one of the best. It lost 
more men in killed and wounded during the war 
than any other division. 

Cross's brigade — 61st New York, 81st and 
148th Pennsylvania, and 5th New Hampshire In- 
fantry — at once advanced to the left of De Tro- 
briand, driving Anderson's Georgia brigade back 



80 GETTYSBURG. 

upon Semmes's Georgia brigade of McLaws's 
division, which had just come into position to 
its left and rear. Birney led what remained of 
De Trobriand's command forward with cheers 
to the support of Cross. Semmes's 53d, 51st, 
ioth, and 50th Georgia in turn charged Cross, 
and a desperate fight ensued, in which Colonel 
Cross was killed. He was colonel of the 
famous 5th New Hampshire, a most fearless 
officer, idolized by his men. In a letter written 
before the battle of Chancellorsville he said, 
" Having received nine wounds in the present 
war, and three in other wars, I'm not afraid of 
rebel bullets." He lived a few hours after re- 
ceiving his fatal wound. His last words were, 
" I did hope I would live to see peace, and our 
country restored. I have done my duty. I 
think the boys will miss me. All my effects I 
give to my mother. Oh, welcome, death ! Say 
farewell to all." 

At the same time, the Irish (Kelly's) Brigade, 
— 1 1 6th Pennsylvania (4 companies), the 28th 
Massachusetts, and the 63d, 69th, and 88th New 
York Infantry (each of the three latter regi- 
ments consolidated into but two companies), — 
having knelt in the open field beyond the road 
and received absolution from the chaplain, with 
wild cheers charged across the field to the rieht 
of De Trobriand's line, just to the rear of the 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 8 1 

position that had been occupied by Tilton, and 
met the 7th and 3d South Carolina, of Kershaw's, 
and the 50th Georgia, of Semmes's brigade, and 
after several volleys at a distance of thirty paces 
drove them back. Wofford's Georgia brigade of 
McLaw's division — 16th, iSth, and 24th Infantry, 
and Cobb's and Phillips's Legions — now ad- 
vanced to the left of Kershaw, and was met by 
Caldwell's Third Brigade, Zook's, — 140th Penn- 
sylvania, 5 2d and 66th New York Infantry, — with 
the 5 7th New York in support. At the same time, 
the Fourth Brigade, Brooke's, — 145th Penn- 
sylvania, 27th Connecticut, 53d Pennsylvania, 
66th New York, and 2d Delaware Infantry, — 
charged across the Wheat-Field to the support 
of Cross, and breaking through Anderson's 
Georgia brigade and then through the right 
regiments of Semmes's, — 53d, 51st, and 10th 
Georgia, — continued on across the little stream 
and to the high ground several hundred yards 
beyond, where alone it attempted to hold the 
ground gained. Sweitzer, with the 4th Mich- 
igan, 62 d Pennsylvania, and 3 2d Massachusetts 
Infantry (of the Fifth Corps), also charged to 
support Brooke, and reached the wall at the 
farther side of the Wheat-Field. But Zook 
had been killed and his brigade outflanked on 
the right, compelling the other troops to with- 
draw, leaving Brooke's and Sweitzer's com- 



82 GETTYSBURG. 

mands isolated and almost surrounded. Still, 
in a desperate struggle, they fought their way 
back over the Wheat-Field. General Brooke 
was wounded, and Colonel Jeffords, of the 4th 
Michigan, was run through by a bayonet while 
struggling over the colors of his regiment. 

As Birney's and Caldwell's commands, each 
with a loss of over 1 200 and three out of four 
brigade commanders in Caldwell's division, were 
being forced from the field, Ayres's division of 
United States Regulars, of the Fifth Corps, 
moved into action on the left. It was formed 
in two lines, the first being Burbank's brigade, 
— 2d, 7th, 10th, nth, and 17th Infantry, — and 
the second, Day's brigade, — 3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, 
and 14th Infantry, — the regiments each aver- 
aging from five to six companies. 

The withdrawal of Caldwell's division uncov- 
ered Ayres's flank, and his brave regulars were 
soon attacked by the brigades of Benning, 
Anderson, Kershaw, and Wofford, but the mag- 
nificent division, with its thorough discipline, 
fought its way through the forces that almost 
surrounded it and took position on the right of 
Weed's brigade, upon Little Round Top, having 
lost 950 out of 2000. 

Emboldened by their continued successes, the 
Confederates with wild yells now swarmed into 
the intermediate low ground between the timber 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 83 

and Round Top. On they rushed for the pos- 
session of the hill, but they suddenly halted, for 
before them they saw the solid line of troops 
that had been hurried up from other portions of 
the field. Then McCandless's brigade of Craw- 
ford's division of Pennsylvania Reserves — 6th, 
nth, ist, and 2d Infantry, and Bucktail Rifles — 
dashed forward with cheers, Crawford carrying 
the flag of the ist, over the low marshy ground 
in front. At the same time, Wheaton's brigade 
of the Sixth Corps — 62d New York, 139th, 
93d, and 98th Pennsylvania Infantry (the I02d 
Pennsylvania being on duty with the trains) — 
advanced on the right of the Reserves. The 
Confederates fought with determination, but 
they received a destructive volley, and were 
driven to the stone wall at the top of the knoll. 
Here another effort was made to retain this 
position, but they were compelled to withdraw 
to the Wheat-Field beyond, and the Reserves 
held the wall. Here Colonel Fred. Taylor, of 
the Pennsylvania Bucktail Rifles, was shot 
through the heart while leading his men for- 
ward. It was now nearly dark, and the battle 
was ended upon this part of the line. 

In the mean time the 3d Maine and 3d Mich- 
igan Infantry, in the Peach Orchard out at the 
angle of the line at the Emmittsburg and Mil- 
lerstown (now Wheat-Field) Roads, had been at- 



84 GETTYSBURG. 

tacked by the 3d Battalion, and 2d and 8th South 
Carolina Regiments of Kershaw's brigade from 
the south, while Barksdale's Mississippi bri- 
gade of McLaws's division, — 21st, 17th, 13th, 
and 1 8th Infantry, — advancing from the west, 
attacked Graham's Pennsylvania brigade of 
Birney's division, — 63d, 105th, 57th, 114th, 68th, 
and 141st Pennsylvania Infantry, — the first five 
facing west and the 141st south. 

The 2d New Hampshire Infantry, of Burling's 
brigade, which had had roll-call upon the field 
under fire, a little distance in the rear, and but 
eight found to be absent, was ordered into the 
orchard between the 68th and 141st, and the 
7th New Jersey of the same brigade was or- 
dered forward to support the batteries. While 
Randolph's Rhode Island, Clark's New Jersey, 
Ames's New York, Thompson's Pennsylvania, 
and Hart's New York batteries poured grape 
and canister into the advancing Confederates, 
and most of the Confederate batteries in front 
battered the Peach Orchard and vicinity, a des- 
perate struggle took place between the Missis- 
sippians and the Pennsylvania and New Hamp- 
shire troops, in which the former lost 747, the 
Pennsylvanians 739, and the New Hampshire 
men 193. With their left flank and rear ex- 
posed by the withdrawal of the troops from the 
Wheat-Field, the Federal troops were forced to 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 85 

abandon the position with the loss of a gun, 
thus uncovering the left of Humphreys's divis- 
ion on their right, along the Emmittsburg Road. 
General Graham was wounded and captured. 

General Sickles, while fearlessly exposing him- 
self beyond the Trostle House, was wounded, 
losing a leg, and General Birney succeeded to 
the command of the Third Corps. 

Humphreys had maintained his position along 
the Emmittsburg Road with little trouble, though 
his line was exposed to a severe front and en- 
filading artillery fire. But as Barksdale's Mis- 
sissippi brigade, followed by Alexander's bat- 
talion of six batteries, now swept around his left, 
the brigades of Wilcox, Perry, and Wright, of 
Anderson's division of Hill's Corps, moved 
against his front, while on their left those of 
Mahone and Posey, of the same division, and 
the whole of Pender's division, prepared for an 
advance against the Federal line. The ist 
Massachusetts Infantry, of Carr's brigade, and 
the 5th New Jersey, of Burling's, on the skir- 
mish line, were driven in. The left of Wilcox's 
Alabama brigade — i ith, 8th, and 9th Infantry — 
was met by the 26th Pennsylvania, ist and nth 
Massachusetts Infantry, the right of Carr, and 
the fire of Turnbull's United States battery, 
while Perry's Florida brigade — 5th, 2d, and 8th 
Infantry — moved upon the right flank of the 



86 GETTYSBURG. 

26th. Wilcox's right regiments, the 10th and 
14th Alabama, and the left regiments of Barks- 
dale, the 13th and 18th Mississippi Infantry, 
encountered Seely's United States battery, sup- 
ported by the 5th New Jersey and the other 
regiments of Carr, — 16th Massachusetts, nth 
New Jersey, and 12th New Hampshire (the 
84th Pennsylvania being on duty with the 
trains), — the 73d New York (4th Excelsior), 
of Humphreys's other brigade, and the 105th 
Pennsylvania, of Graham's brigade, the latter 
regiment, though separated from its brigade, still 
fighting on the left. Barksdale's right regi- 
ments, the 2 1 st and 17th Mississippi Infantry, 
moving upon the left flank, met the other regi- 
ments of the New York Excelsior Brigade, 
Brewster's, — 70th, 71st, 7 2d, 74th, and 120th 
Infantry, — which were also exposed to the fire 
of Alexander's batteries. Farther to the right 
of the division, Wright's Georgia brigade was 
at the same time moving past the flank. 

Humphreys, with but two brigades, — all of 
Burling's except the 5th New Jersey having 
been sent to the support of Birney, — and with 
his flanks now exposed, seeing the splendid 
lines of the three brigades of Anderson coming 
to attack him, wanted to go forward to meet 
them, but Birney ordered him to fall back upon a 
line with the Second Corps. No finer manceu- 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 87 

vrinof, it is said, was ever witnessed on a battle- 
field under such terrible fire. His regiments, 
massed in double columns, executed a backward 
march with great precision, undisturbed by the 
volleys poured into them, halting at points indi- 
cated to form line of battle and open fire upon 
the advancing enemy. He reached his position 
in splendid order, after having lost 1 506 of his 
division killed and wounded, including 1 1 of his 
staff, and only 163 missing, most of whom were 
among- the killed. 

In the mean time, Hancock had been intrusted 
with the command of this part of the line. Into 
the gap which separated it from the left around 
Round Top thirty pieces of artillery, under 
Major McGilvery, had been hurried, being so 
posted that the centre faced the Trostle House, 
and Willard's brigade of Hays's division of the 
Second Corps took position in the centre of the 
gap. Reinforcements were also ordered from 
the First, Sixth, and Twelfth Corps. 

Willard's fine brigade — nth, 126th, 125th, 
and 39th New York Infantry — moved out to 
cover the left of Humphreys, and met the 21st, 
17th, 13th, and 1 8th Mississippi, of Barksdale's 
brigade. With both flanks exposed, Willard's 
brigade suffered terribly, losing over 700, among 
the killed being General Willard, . who fell 
among the dead that surrounded him. 



88 GETTYSBURG. 

Barksdale's brigade, with its brave leader 
riding ahead of it, rushed forward in a gal- 
lant charge upon Humphreys ; but Barksdale 
was mortally wounded and fell into the hands 
of the Federals, while his splendid brigade was 
driven back. 

Wilcox's Alabama and Perry's Florida bri- 
gades, upon Barksdale's left, now again at- 
tacked Humphreys's two small brigades, that 
had already lost more than half their numbers, 
— Brewster's (Excelsior) and Carr's. The nth 
Alabama, supported by the ioth and 14th, was 
passing around the left flank of Humphreys 
when the 1st Minnesota Infantry, of Gibbon's 
division, Second Corps, which regiment had been 
moved to that part of the field, was ordered by 
Hancock to charge the Alabamians, and the 
regiment made its renowned charge, losing in 
it 201 of 263 engaged. 

Doubleday's and a portion of Robinson's di- 
visions of the First Corps were now brought 
forward by General Newton and placed on 
Humphreys's left. 

The Confederate brigades of Barksdale, Wil- 
cox, and Perry fought desperately, losing one- 
third their number in killed and wounded, but 
were repulsed and driven beyond the Emmitts- 
burg Road. 

Farther to the left, Lockwood's brigade of 



SECOND DAY'S BATTLE. 89 

two regiments — 150th New York and 1st Mary- 
land Infantry (Potomac Home Brigade) — crossed 
Plum Creek and attacked the left of Wofford's 
Georgia brigade. 

The 19th Massachusetts and 426. New York 
Infantry, of Gibbon's division, had been ordered 
to the support of Humphreys's right, but were 
outflanked and suffered severely. 

While the brigades of Barksdale, Wilcox, 
and Perry were assailing Humphreys's position, 
Wright's Georgia brigade — 3d, 2 2d, 48th In- 
fantry, and 2d Battalion — had passed farther 
to his right, where they encountered the 15th 
Massachusetts and 82d New York Infantry, 
of the Second Corps, which regiments had been 
ordered forward to the Emmittsburg Road. 
These two regiments fought until the 1 5th lost 
148 and the 82 d 123, and both the regimental 
commanders had fallen, when they fell back to 
their former positions. The Georgians, alone, 
with no supports upon either flank, gallantly ad- 
vanced in the face of musketry and the fire of 
Ransom's United States and Brown's Rhode 
Island batteries, over almost the same ground 
that Pickett's division were to move the follow- 
ing day, and bravely attacked the line held by 
Gibbon's division, taking Brown's Rhode Island 
battery, and then encountering the 69th Penn- 
sylvania, 59th New York, 7th Michigan, and 19th 



90 GETTYSBURG. 

Maine Infantry. Unaided, the brave brigade 
maintained its position up to within a hundred 
feet of the wall held by the Federal troops. 
The 71st, 72d, and 106th Pennsylvania Infantry, 
advancing to the support of the first line, the 
Confederates were driven back, and, being 
charged by the three last regiments and the 
19th Maine, were driven beyond the Emmitts- 
burg Road, with a loss of many prisoners, 
including several officers and two flags, Brown's 
battery being also recaptured. The assault 
made by Wright's brigade displayed courage 
and intrepidity unsurpassed in the battle. Gen- 
eral Lee, Hill, and the division commander, 
Anderson, together were eye-witnesses of it, 
and yet nothing was done to support it, neither 
Mahone's or Posey's brigades, of Anderson's, on 
the left of Wright's, nor Pender's division being 
ordered to advance. It is said that General 
Pender was about to give the order to advance 
to his division when he was mortally wounded 
by a shell. 

At twilight the Confederates gave up the 
attack on the Federal left and retired. The 
Federal position had been greatly strengthened 
by the arrival of fresh troops, the balance of the 
Sixth Corps being in reserve in the rear of 
Little Round Top. 

The 20th Maine, of Vincent's brigade of the 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 91 

Fifth Corps, and Fisher's brigade of the Penn- 
sylvania Reserves, of the same corps, — 5th, 
9th, 10th, and 12th Infantry, — had taken pos- 
session of Big Round Top, capturing a small 
force of the enemy occupying it. 

During the latter part of the struggle on the 
left, in the evening, simultaneous and fierce 
assaults were made on the extreme right and 
right centre. On the right, at Culp's Hill, 
Williams's division of the Twelfth Corps and 
Candy's and Kane's brigades of Geary's divi- 
sion had been hastily withdrawn to support the 
left when it was so badly threatened, leaving 
only Greene's brigade of the latter division — 
60th, 78th, io2d, 137th, and 149th New York 
Infantry — to hold the long line there. About 
half-past six this brigade was attacked by John- 
son's division of Ewell's corps. On the right of 
the brigade the works were held only by a skir- 
mish line, and they were captured by Steuart's 
brigade — 1st Maryland, 1st and 3d North Caro- 
lina, 10th, 23d, and 37th Virginia Infantry — and 
Walker's (Stonewall) brigade, — 4th, 5th, 27th, 
and 33d Virginia Infantry. The right of Greene's 
line, the 137th New York, was thrown back at 
right angles to the left, in order to meet the 
attack on the right, but at the same time his left 
was furiously assaulted by Jones's brigade, — 
25th, 42d, 48th, and 5 9th Virginia Infantry, — sup- 



92 GETTYSBURG. 

ported by Williams's brigade, — 2d, 10th, 14th, 
and 15th Louisiana Infantry. Wadsworth, to 
assist Greene, extended his line to the right, 
and though so fearfully outnumbered, the Fed- 
eral troops held their position, being well pro- 
tected by breastworks and the large boulders. 

Kane's brigade of Geary's division, — 29th, 
109th, and 1 nth Pennsylvania Infantry, — on its 
way to resume its position in the works, came 
in contact with Steuart's and Walker's brigades, 
the advance of which was thus checked, and 
about midnight the fighting ceased for the night, 
except slight skirmishing. 

The Confederates, in the darkness, did not 
know how close they were to the Baltimore 
Pike in the rear of the Federal position, or to 
the trains and reserve artillery which were 
parked but a short distance from the position 
they had reached, and which they might have 
secured or endangered had they continued their 
advance after taking the works. They might 
have inflicted incalculable damage had they ad- 
vanced to the pike, but they thought they were 
being entrapped, because of the little resistance 
they met with at the abandoned works. 

In the mean time, during the attacks on the 
left and right, a most daring attempt was made 
against the right centre to carry East Cemetery 
Hill, that part of the hill opposite the entrance 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 93 

to the National Cemetery. Hays's brigade — 
5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Louisiana Infantry 
— and Hoke's brigade — 6th, 21st, and 57th 
North Carolina Infantry — formed quietly in the 
edge of the town and advanced across the low 
ground in magnificent style, as if to attack 
Culp's Hill, until opposite Cemetery Hill, when 
they suddenly changed direction to the right 
and dashed towards Cemetery Hill. Along the 
stone wall, near the foot of the hill, lay Ames's 
division of the Eleventh Corps. On the right 
was Von Gilsa's brigade, — 41st New York, 
153d Pennsylvania, 68th and 54th New York 
Infantry, — and on the left Harris's brigade, — 
17th Connecticut, 75th, 25th, and 107th Ohio 
Infantry. The 17th Connecticut had been in 
line between the 75th and 25th Ohio, but had 
been withdrawn and placed on the right of the 
division, leaving a gap in the line between the 
75 th and the 25th Ohio. 

Penetrating this gap and crowding back 
Harris's brigade and the left of Von Gilsa's, the 
brave Confederates advanced up the hill, under 
cover of the darkness and smoke, and the 
charging columns were soon rushing among 
the batteries on the crest, the 6th North Caro- 
lina and 9th Louisiana leading the assault. 
Weidrick's I, 1st New York Battery, was north 
of the wall, towards the town ; on the south of 



94 GETTYSBURG. 

the wall, was Ricketts's F, ist Pennsylvania, on 
its right being Reynolds's L, ist New York, and 
in its rear, on the road, Stewart's B, 4th United 
States. Their guns were depressed as much 
as possible and fired grape and canister, but 
they could not stay the enemy. 

Weidrick's battery was captured entire, and 
the left gun of Ricketts's was spiked while the 
gunners were fighting around it. This battery 
had received orders not to limber up under any 
circumstances, but to fight to the last, and it 
obeyed the order. A fierce hand-to-hand fight 
ensued, the young cannoneers, fighting with pis- 
tols, hand-spikes, and rammers, crying, " Death 
rather than surrender our guns on our own 
soil." The battery guidon was planted in one 
of the lunettes, and a Confederate officer seized 
it, when he was shot dead by young Riggin, its 
bearer, who himself was instantly killed, and fell 
with his flag in his hands. An officer of the 7th 
Louisiana was brained with a hand-spike by a 
young gunner, and a sergeant of the same regi- 
ment was severely wounded with a stone by 
Lieutenant Brockway. In the mean time, Gen- 
eral Ames had rallied the left of Harris's 
brigade — 25th, 75th, and 107th Ohio — behind 
the wall, near the crest of the hill, the 17th 
Connecticut continuing; the fio-ht at the foot, 
farther to the right. The color-bearer of the 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 95 

107th Ohio mounted the wall and waved his 
flag, when he fell dead ; the flag was seized by- 
Adjutant Young, who immediately afterwards 
rushed into the 8th Louisiana, shot its color- 
bearer, seized its flag, and, severely wounded, fell 
with it inside his own lines. The hand-to-hand 
fight about the guns continued until reinforce- 
ments, hurried from the left of the cemetery, 
arrived. Carroll's brigade of Hays's division 
of the Second Corps, the 4th Ohio, 7th West 
Virginia, and 14th Indiana, charged to the right 
of Ricketts's, while to its left the 73d Pennsyl- 
vania, of Steinwehr's division. Eleventh Corps, 
double-quicking out of the cemetery, charged 
upon those who had taken Weidrick's battery. 
Schurz led the 58th and 1 19th New York, of his 
division, also to its support. The Confederate 
troops who had made this daring attack were 
driven from the hill with heavy loss, including 
Colonel Avery, commanding Hoke's brigade. 

To the left of the pike, Rodes's division ad- 
vanced against that part of Cemetery Hill held 
by Schurz and Steinwehr. The right of his line 
not being supported by Pender's division, as 
arranged, soon came to a halt, while the left 
moved forward against the position held by the 
27th Pennsylvania, 55th and 73d Ohio, and 
136th New York, but was repulsed with a loss 
of a stand of colors. 



96 GETTYSBURG. 

The ground of the fierce and sanguinary 
fighting on East Cemetery Hill remains almost 
unchanged. The redans and lunettes are still 
preserved, with cannon to mark the position of 
the batteries. 

The struggle of the second day was now 
ended, having during the day extended along 
nearly the whole line. 

Towards evening Gregg's cavalry division, 
having arrived from Hanover, had gone into 
position on the right flank, and his skirmishers 
had had a brisk engagement with two regiments 
of Ewell's corps, which had attempted to dis- 
lodge them. Kilpatrick's cavalry division had 
also a sharp fight with a portion of Stuart's cav- 
alry near Hunterstown about sundown. 

LOSSES FOR THE DAY. 

Commencing on the left of the line, the losses 
on this day, as reported, were as follows : 

ROUND TOP. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 
Vincent 1 's Brigade. 

*■■—■• bounded *-» To^. 1 En ^ d " 

20th Me 120 5 125 386 

16th Mich 57 5 62 218 

44th N. Y 108 3 in 

83d Penna 55 . . 55 208 

Total 340 13 353 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 



97 



Weed 1 s Brigade. 

**—■ wouS 

140th N. Y 125 

146th N. Y 28 

91st Penna 19 

155th Penna 19 

Total 191 

Hazlett's U. S. Battery .... 13 



Missing. 
18 



18 



Total 
loss. 

143 
28 

19 

22 

209 

13 



Federal losses, 544 killed and wounded and 
31 missing; total, 575. 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 



Law's Alabama Brigade. 



t, Killed and 

Re S iment - wounded. 

4th Ala 87 

15th Ala 161 

44th Ala 94 

47th Ala 40 

48th Ala 102 

Total 484 



Missing. 



Total 
loss. 

87 
l6l 

94 

40 

102 



146 484 = 630 



Robertson! s Texas Brigade. 



„ ._ Killed and 

Re S' ment - wounded. 

4th Texas 87 

5th Texas ... 109 

Total 196 



w. . Total 

Missing. , osg 

87 
. . IO9 

. . I96 



Confederate losses, 680 killed and wounded 
and 146 missing; total, 826. 

7 



9 8 



GETTYSBURG. 



WHEAT-FIELD, INCLUDING STRIP OF WOODS ON 
SIDES AND DEVIL'S DEN. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 

Ward's Brigade {Third Corps). 

Regiment. ^SSlS? Missing. Total Engaged 

jl 20th Ind 146 10 156 268 

86th N. Y 62 4 66 

124th N. Y 85 S 90 238 

99th Penna 99 11 no 339 

4th Me 70 74 144 

2d U. S. Sharp-shooters 28 15 43 

Total 490 119 609 . . 

De Trobriand's Brigade { Third Corps'). 

■n Killed and «»:„! Total Tr_.„„j 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssin g- loss. En B a E*<*- 

5th Mich 105 4 109 . . 

17th Me. ....... 130 3 133 

40th N. Y 143 7 150 

IiothPenna 53 . . 53 152 

Total 431 14 445 

Bur ling's Brigade {Third Corps). 

„ . Killed and w- • Total 

Re & imem - wounded. Mlssin B- loss. 

6th N.J 33 8 41 

8th N.J 45 2 47 

115th Pa 18 3 21 

Total 96 13 109 

Tiltoti's Brigade {Fifth Corps). 

■d • . Killed and «:«:„„ Total 

^S 1111 ""- wounded. Mlssin S- loss. 

118th Penna 22 3 25 

x8th Mass 24 3 27 

1st Mich 38 4 42 

22d Mass 30 I 31 

Total 114 II 135 



SECOND DAYS BATTLE. 



99 



Sweitzer's Brigade {Fifth Corps). 

r> Killed and „■ . Total 

Rcg.ment. wounded. Mlss,n S- loss. 

62d Penna 135 40 175 

4th Mich 89 76 165 

32d Mass 75 5 80 

Total 299 121 420 



Engaged. 

426 

342 



Cross's Brigade {Second Corps'). 

t, Killed and »»• . Total w- . 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssln g- loss. Mls * ln «- 

Sth N. H 80 . . 80 177 

61st N. Y 62 . . 62 

81st Penna 54 8 62 175 

148th Penna 120 5 125 460 

Total 316 13 329 . . 



Kelly's Brigade (Second Corps). 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Regiment. 

28th Mass 65 

63d N. Y. (2 cos.) . 15 

69th N. Y. (2 cos.) . 19 

88th N. Y. (2 cos.) . 24 

Il6th Penna. (4 cos.) 13 

Total 136 



Missing. 

35 
8 
6 
4 
9 
"02 



Total 
loss. 

IOO 

23 

25 
28 
22 

I98 



Engaged. 

224 

75 

90 

66 



Zook's Brigade (Second Corps). 

**■«'■ wooded' Mining. S- 

140th Penna 181 60 241 

52d N. Y 28 10 38 

57th N. Y 32 2 34 

66th N. Y 35 9 44 

Total 276 81 357 



Engaged. 
540 



IOO 



GETTYSBURG. 



Brooke* s Brigade {Second Corps). 

Missing. 



Killed and 
wounded 



Regiment. 

27th Conn. (2 cos.) . 33 4 

2d Del 72 12 

64th N. Y 79 19 

53d Penna 74 6 

145th Penna 76 8 

Total 334 49 



Total 
lost. 

37 
84 
98 
80 



383 



Engaged. 
74 

204 
I24 
228 



AYRES'S DIVISION (FIFTH CORPS). 
Burbank's Brigade. 



Regiment. 


wounded. 


Missing. 


2d U. S. (6 COS.) . 


6l 


6 


7th U. S. (4 cos.) . 


57 


2 


loth U. S. (3 cos.) 


48 


3 


nth U. S. (6 cos.) 


in 


9 


17th U. S. (7 cos.) 


H3 


7 




420 


27 



Total 




loss. 




67 


. . 


59 


116 


51 


93 


120 


. . 


150 


260 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Day's Brigade. 

Regiment. 

3d U. S. (6 cos.) 72 

4th U. S. (4 cos.) 40 

6th U. S. (5 cos.) 44 

I2th U. S. (8 cos.) 79 

14th U. S. (8 cos.) 128 

Total 363 



447 



Missing. 



13 

4 

^8 



Pennsylvania Reserves {Fifth Corps). 

Missing. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Regiment. 

1st Penna 46 

2d Penna 38 

6th Penna 24 

nth Penna 41 

Bucktail Rifles ... 46 

Total 195 



Total 
loss. 

46 
38 

24 
41 

j8 

197 



Total 
loss. 

73 
40 

44 

92 

132 

3^ 



Engaged. 

444 
273 
380 

392 
349 

1IJ38 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 



IOI 



Killed and ,,■ . 
wounded. M '"mg. 



Wheaton's Brigade (Sixth Corps). 

Regiment. 

62dN. Y 12 

93d Penna 10 

98th Penna II 

139th Penna 20 

Total 53 



Total 
loss. 

12 

IO 

II 

20 

53 



Battery. 
Smith's N. Y. . 
Winslow's N. Y. 
Bigelow's Mass. 
Phillips's Mass. 

Total . . . 



Artillery. 

Missing. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



12 
IO 
26 
21 

"69 



Total 

loss. 

13 

18 

28 and 60 horses. 
21 and 40 horses. 

80 



Federal losses in Wheat-Field, 3592 killed 
and wounded and 541 missing ; total, 4133. 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 
Robertson' ' s Texas Brigade. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Regiment. 

1st Texas 93 

3d Ark 142 

Total 235 



Anderson 1 s Georgia Brigade. 

Missing. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Regiment. 

7th Ga 15 

8th Ga 139 

9th Ga 189 

ilthGa 204 

59th Ga 116 

Total 663 



54 



Total 
loss. 



717 



102 GETTYSBURG. 



Benning's Georgia Brigade. 

- Killed and -..■ . Total 

Regent, wounded. Ml,s,n ^- loss. 

2d Ga 91 

15th Ga 171 

17th Ga 90 

20th Ga 121 122 . . 

Total, 473 * 22 595 



Wofford's Georgia Brigade. 

Regiment. KilWand m ^ % 

16th Ga 61 

18th Ga 19 

24th Ga 36 

Cobb's (Ga.) Legion 22 

Phillips's (Ga.) Legion 28 

Total 166 



The total losses reported for this brigade, 
however, are 334, which is greater than that 
shown by the regimental reports. 

Semmes's Georgia Brigade. 

Regiment. ™£»«d! Missing. 

10th Ga 86 

50th Ga 78 

51st Ga 55 

53d Ga 87 

Total 306 91 

The total loss for the brigade is reported as 
430. 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. IO3 



Kershaw' s South Carolina Brigade. 

t, ■ . Killed and Mi „;„„ Total 

Re K' ment wounded. Mlssin «- loss. 

3d S. C 8l 2 83 

7th S. C 103 7 no 

15th S. C 119 18 137 

Total 303 27 330 



Confederate losses, 2416 killed and wounded 
and 406 missing; total, 2822. 

The casualties among officers were very se- 
vere on both sides upon this part of the field. 

Among those upon the Federal side killed 
or wounded, in addition to the Brigade Com- 
manders Cross, Zook, and Brooke, were the colo- 
nel, lieutenant-colonel, and major of the 124th 
New York, the colonels of the 64th, 66th, 69th, 
and 86th New York, 20th Indiana, 4th Maine, 3d 
and 5th Michigan, 99th, 110th, 140th, and 145th 
Pennsylvania, and 4th Michigan, the major of the 
62d Pennsylvania, and lieutenant-colonel com- 
manding 27th Connecticut. The loss of field- 
officers in the Confederate regiments was also 
severe, but is not officially reported. 

Among the regiments deserving special men- 
tion here is the 17th Maine, which went into 
the field with most of the men bare-footed from 
hard marching and without having had rations 
for twenty-four hours, yet fought until 133 of 
its number had fallen. 



io4 



GETTYSBURG. 



PEACH ORCHARD. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 

R ^ ment - wounded Missi ^- W El *»* ed - 

3d Me. (Ward's brig.) 77 45 122 210 
3d Mich. (De Trobri- 

and's brigade) ... 38 7 45 . . 

Total 115 52 167 

Graham's Brigade. 

■*>»—. wounded Mis -g" Tot.' ^ged. 

57th Penna 57 58 115 207 

63d Penna 30 4 34 296 

68th Penna 139 13 152 320 

105th Penna 123 9 132 274 

114th Penna 94 60 154 312 

141st Penna 128 21 149 202 

Total 571 165 736 1611 

Burling 's Brigade. 

t> Killed and «„. . Total ^ . 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssm S- loss. Engaged. 

2d N. H 157 36 193 330 

7th N. J . 101 13 114 . . 

Total 258 49 307 . . 

Artillery. 

■n .,._ Killed and -.,. . Total 

Batter y- wounded. M,ss,n e- Ion. 

Clark's N. J 17 5 22 

Thompson's Penna 24 4 28 

Ames's N. Y 7 2 9 

Hart's N. Y 16 . . 16 

Total 64 11 75 

Federal losses, 1008 killed and wounded and 
277 missing; total, 1285. 



SECOND DAYS BATTLE. 



I05 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 



Kershaw 's South Carolina Brigade. 



■d : m .„. Killed and 

Re e iment - wounded. 

2d S. C 152 

8th S. C 100 

3d S. C. Battalion 43 

Total 295 



Missing. 
2 

_3 
5 



B arks dale 1 s Mississippi Brigade. 

Missing. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Regiment. 

13th Miss 165 

17th Miss 200 

18th Miss 100 

21st Miss 103 

Total 568 



92 



Total 
loss. 

154 
IOO 

300 



Total 
oss. 



660 



This brigade, however, reported a loss of 
655 killed and wounded and 92 missing, which 
is probably more correct. 

Confederate losses, 950 killed and wounded 
and 97 missing ; total, 1047. 

The casualties of the opposing forces were 
nearly equal. A portion of those in Barksdale's 
brigade, however, was suffered when that bri- 
gade afterwards encountered the Excelsior and 
Willard's New York brigades. Upon the other 
hand, most of those in the 105th Pennsylvania 
occurred as the regiment fought its way back 
with Humphreys's division, it halting in line and 
fighting in eight different positions, changing 
front to rear, while under fire, four times. 



io6 



GETTYSBURG. 



EMMITTSBURG ROAD, INCLUDING GROUND TO 
REAR OVER WHICH HUMPHREYS'S DIVISION 
FOUGHT. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 
Carr's Brigade. 

Regiment. KiHedand Missmg Total £ngaged 

ist Mass 99 21 120 . . 

nth Mass 119 10 129 . . 

16th Mass 68 13 81 

12th N. H 81 11 92 

nth N.J 141 12 153 275 

26th Penna 206 7 213 365 

Total 714 74 788 

5th N.J. (Burling's) . .78 16 94 

Excelsior (Brewster 1 s~) Brigade. 

Regiment. Killedand Missi „ g Total £ngaged 

70th N. Y 113 4 117 

7ist N. Y 78 13 91 243 

72d N. Y 86 28 114 305 

73d N. Y 154 8 162 

74th N. Y 86 3 89 

1 20th N. Y 184 19 203 . . 

Total 701 75 776 . . 

Harrow' 's Brigade (Second Corps). 

R ^ iment - wo" Mi -"S- Tos^ En ^ 

ist Minn 201 . . 201 263 

15th Mass 120 28 148 239 

82d N. Y 108 15 123 461 

Total 429 43 472 963 



The loss of the 15th Massachusetts includes 
The 1 st Minnesota on the 3d 



loss on the 3d. 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 



IO7 



lost 24 of the 62 remaining on the 2d, and the 
82d New York lost 69 on that day. 



Regiment. 

39th N. Y 95 

mth N. Y 235 

125th N. Y 130 

126th N. Y 221 



Willard's Brigade. 

Misiing. 



Killed and 
■wounded. 



Total 



68l 



14 

9 
10 

33 



Total 
loss. 

95 

249 

139 

231 

714 



Engaged. 



400 



402 



The losses reported include those for the 2d 
and 3d, and, judging by what troops in the same 
line suffered on the 3d, this brigade probably 
lost 200 on that day. 

Artillery. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Battery. 

Randolph's R. I. . . 29 

Turnbull's U. S. . . 23 

Seeley's U. S. ... 21 

Watson's U. S. . . . 20 



Missing. 
I 
I 

4 
2 



Total 
loss. 

30 and 40 horses. 

24 . . 

25 and 28 horses. 
22 . . 

101 



Total 93 8 

Federal losses, 2496 killed and wounded and 
249 missing ; total, 2745. 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 
Wilcox 1 s Alabama Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

6 wounded. 

8th Ala 161 

9th Ala 58 

10th Ala 104 

nth Ala 75 

14th Ala 48 257 



Total 
loss. 

161 



Total 



446 



108 GETTYSBURG. 

This brigade reports a loss, however, of 520 
killed and wounded and 257 missing, which is 
nearer correct, but it also includes loss, suffered 
on the 3d, of 204 not reported by regiments. 

Perry 's Florida Brigade. 

2dFla 81 

5* Fla 75 

8th Fla 94 

Total 250 205 455 

One hundred and fifty-five of the above were 
lost on the 3d, not reported by regiments, but 
included in the missing. 

Wright 's Brigade. 

d „„;„,„.,. Killed and M . . Total 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssln S- 



OSS 



3d Ga 100 . . 

22d Ga 96 

48th Ga 90 

2d Battalion 49 . . 

Total 335 333 668 



The casualties in Barksdale's brigade have 
been given with those at Peach Orchard, though 
probably half of them, 370, were suffered upon 
this line. 

Confederate artillery engaged during the day 
reported losses for the 2d and 3d as follows : 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. IO9 

Killed and »»•■„„ Total 

wounded. Mlssin g- l 0SS . 

Cabell's battalion 37 . . 37 

Alexander's battalion 133 6 139 

Henry's battalion 27 . . 27 

Lane's battalion 24 6 30 

Total 221 12 233 



Confederate losses, 1326 killed and wounded 
and 652 missing; total, 1978. 

Among the field-officers killed or wounded 
on the Federal side upon this part of the 
line were General Willard and the commanders 
of the 5th, 7th, and nth New Jersey, 39th, 72d, 
82d, and 111th New York, 1st Minnesota, 15th, 
1 6th, and 20th Massachusetts, the major of the 
26th, lieutenant-colonel of the 68th Pennsylvania, 
and colonel of the 3d Maine. 

The casualties in Humphreys's division were 
caused to a great extent by the fire of Alex- 
ander's battalion of six batteries of artillery, 
which followed in the wake of Barksdale's bri- 
gade, and were worked with terrible effect. 

The losses of the other regiments engaged 
in repulsing the assault of Wright's brigade 
upon Cemetery Hill are not given, as they 
were but slight, and will be included in the 
heavy losses which all those regiments incurred 
on the 3d. 



I IO 



GETTYSBURG. 



EAST CEMETERY HILL. 



FEDERAL LOSSES. 



The reports do not show what casualties the 
17th Connecticut, 25th, 75th, and 107th Ohio, 
of Harris's brigade, or the 68th New York and 
153d Pennsylvania, of Von Gilsa's, suffered in 
the attack upon East Cemetery Hill, as their 
reports include the losses on the 1st, but they 
can be approximated from those of the following 
regiments not engaged on the 1st. 



Von Gilsa's Brigade. 

r, ;_„. Killed and 

Re S ,ment - wounded. 

41st N. Y 73 

54th N.Y J4 

Total 127 

73dPenna 34 

CarroW s Brigade. 

4th Ohio 26 

14th Ind 31 

17th W. Va 46 

Total 103 

33d Mass 45 

Weiderick's N. Y. battery ... 13 

Ricketts's Penna. battery ... 23 



[issing 


Total 
loss. 


2 


75 


48 


102 


50 


177 


• • 


34 


[issing. 


Total 
loss. 


5 


31 


■ . 


31 


1 


47 



109 



Federal losses reported, 345 killed 
wounded and 56 missing ; total, 401. 



and 



SECOND DAY S BATTLE. 



II I 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 
Hays's Brigade. 

**'«"■ ^un d d a ed d hissing. ™ 

5 th La 3 6 *3 49 

6th La 39 21 60 

7th La 51 6 57 

8th La 62 13 75 

9th La 49 23 72 

Total 237 76 313 

Avery's {Hoke's') Brigade. 

«"*-*■ ltZ££ hissing. **? 

6th N. C 151 21 172 

21st N. C 74 37 in 

57th N. C 26 36 62 

Total 251 94 345 

Of the above, Hays lost 63 on the 1st, 
Avery 145. Confederate losses 280 killed and 
wounded, 170 missing ; total, 450. 

While this assault is called that of the " Lou- 
isiana Tigers," the three North Carolina regi- 
ments lost nearly as many as the five Louisiana 
regiments, according to the reports. 

RECAPITULATION OF LOSSES FOR THE DAY. 
FEDERAL. 

Killed and vr ic .:„„ Total 
wounded. Mlssln g- 1 0S9 . 

Round Top 544 3 1 575 

Wheat-Field 3592 541 4133 

Peach Orchard 1008 277 1285 

Emmittsburg Road 2396 249 2745 

East Cemetery Hill 345 56 401 

Total 7885 1 154 9139 



I I 2 GETTYSBURG. 

CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 

Killed and Missine Total 

wounded. * loss. 

Round Top 686 146 832 

Wheat- Field 2416 406 2822 

Peach Orchard 950 97 1047 

Emmittsburg Road 1326 652 1978 

East Cemetery Hill 280 170 450 

Total 5658 1471 7129 



THIRD DAY'S BATTLE, JULY 3. 

The battle opened on the third day at four 
o'clock in the morning, on the right, on Culp's 
Hill, where Johnson's division had effected a 
lodgement the night before. Here, as has been 
related, the enemy had been encountered the 
night before by Kane's brigade of Geary's di- 
vision (Twelfth Corps) upon its return from the 
left, the advance of which had been surprised 
to find their works occupied by the enemy, who 
opened fire upon them. Owing to the nature 
of the ground and the darkness, the Federal 
troops were compelled to lie upon their arms 
and await the coming- of morningf. 

In the mean time, Pickett's division of Long- 
street's corps had arrived from Chambersburg 
and taken position opposite the Federal centre, 
between Anderson's and Heth's divisions of 
Hill's corps. O'Neal's and Daniel's brigades 
of Rodes's division had moved out of town, 
around to their left, to reinforce Johnson in his 
new position, as had also Smith's brigade of 
Early's division. 

Upon the Federal side, Kane's and Candy's 
brigades of Geary's division had joined Greene's 

8 113 



114 GETTYSBURG. 

brigade of the same division in the works de- 
fended so well the night before by Greene's 
men. The 6th Wisconsin, 14th Brooklyn, and 
147th New York Infantry, of Wadsworth's di- 
vision, First Corps, and 82d Illinois, 45th New 
York, and 61st Ohio Infantry, of the Eleventh 
Corps, had gone to Greene's assistance and did 
good service, but returned to their own com- 
mands upon the arrival of Candy and Kane. 
Williams's division of the Twelfth Corps had 
also returned from the left, where it had 
gone the evening before, and taken position 
near Spangler's Spring. Lockwood's indepen- 
dent brigade — 1st Maryland (Eastern Shore), 
1 st Maryland (Potomac Home Brigade), and 
150th New York Infantry — had joined the 
corps. 

Colonel Best had his corps artillery — Muhlen- 
berg's F, 4th United States, Kinzie's K, 5th 
United States, Knap's Pennsylvania, Winegar's 
New York, and Rigby's Maryland batteries — in 
splendid position upon Powers's Hill, upon the 
pike in the rear of the cemetery, and upon 
McAllister's Hill, and it opened a furious fire 
upon the enemy, with a range of only 600 or 
800 yards. 

Williams's division, now commanded by 
Ruger (Williams being in command of the 
Twelfth Corps and Slocum that of the right 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. I I 5 

wing), moved forward on the right. McDougall's 
brigade — 145th New York, 5th Connecticut, 
46th Pennsylvania, 3d Maryland, 123d New 
York, and 20th Connecticut Infantry — advanced 
against the enemy's left, composed of the 10th 
and 23d Virginia and 1st North Carolina In- 
fantry of Steuart's brigade. In the mean time 
the Confederates attacked Geary's division. 
On the right of their line were Williams's brig- 
ade — 1 st, 2d, 10th, 14th, and 15th Louisiana In- 
fantry — and Jones's brigade — 42d, 48th, 21st, 
44th, 50th, and 25th Virginia Infantry. Wil- 
liams's two right regiments attacked Cutler's 
brigade of the First Corps, on the left of Greene, 
— 56th Pennsylvania, 76th, 147th New York, 
and 14th Brooklyn Infantry, — while the others, 
with those of Jones, attacked Greene's brigade, 
— 137th, 149th, io2d, 78th, and 60th New 
York Infantry. 

In the centre, the 3d North Carolina, 1st 
Maryland, and 37th Virginia, of Steuart's brig- 
ade, supported by the 32d, 43d, and 45th North 
Carolina Infantry, of Daniel's brigade, attacked 
Kane's brigade, — 109th, 29th, and nth Penn- 
sylvania, — which brigade was fighting inside of 
and almost at right angles to the works, and 
the Confederates were repulsed. The 147th 
Pennsylvania and 5th Ohio Infantry, of Candy's 
brigade, on the right of and at an angle to 



V 



1 1 6 GETTYSBURG. 

Kane's, aided in the repulse by the enfilading 
fire they were enabled to pour into the attack- 
ing columns. Farther to the left, Jones's Vir- 
ginia and Williams's Louisiana brigades renewed 
the attack upon Greene's brigade, being rein- 
forced by O'Neal's Alabama brigade. At the 
same time, Greene was reinforced by the rest 
of Candy's brigade, — 7th, 29th, and 66th Ohio, 
and 28th Pennsylvania Infantry, — and the attack 
was repulsed. 

Walker's Virginia brigade reinforced Dan- 
iel's and Steuart's, and Lockwood's brigade re- 
inforced Greene and Candy, followed shortly by 
Shaler's brigade of the Sixth Corps, — 23d and 
82d Pennsylvania, and 65th, 67th, and 12 2d 
New York Infantry. 

Some distance to the riofht, Colorove's Dr }_ 
gade of Ruger's division — 2d Massachusetts, 
27th Indiana, 3d Wisconsin, 13th New Jersey, 
and 107th New York Infantry — had resumed 
almost the same position it occupied the day 
before, and was upon the left flank of the Con- 
federate line held by Walker's Virginia brigade. 
In rear of Walker's, and at right angles to it, 
facing Colgrove's brigade, was the 49th Virginia 
Infantry, of Smith's brigade, with the 5 2d Vir- 
ginia immediately in rear of it, and the 31st 
Virginia some distance in rear of the 5 2d. 
Separating Smith's and Colgrove's lines was a 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. I 1 7 

little meadow, little more than a hundred yards 
in width. Across this meadow the 2d Massa- 
chusetts and 2 7th Indiana Infantry were ordered 
to charge against Smith's line, which was on a 
slight elevation in the woods north of the 
meadow. They started across the meadow 
with cheers, the 2d Massachusetts being some- 
what in advance ; but the 2d Virginia Infantry, 
of Walker's brigade, unseen, was in the woods 
to their left, on the west side of the meadow, 
and as they reached the open ground they met 
a furious fire from Smith's two regiments, and 
the 2d Virginia, facing about, poured deadly 
volleys into the flank of the 2d Massachusetts. 
The regiments were driven back before they 
had crossed the meadow, the 2d with a loss 
of 136 and the 27th with a loss of no. The 
Confederates attempted to follow these two 
regiments, but were met by the fire of the 3d 
Wisconsin and 1 3th New Jersey Infantry. 

For six hours the terrible struggle continued 
along the line of the Twelfth Corps. The 
volleys of musketry were deafening. Nearly all 
the woods in which the battle raged have since 
died, showing how terrific was the fire. 

The Confederates, after several attempts to 
take the works held by Greene's brigade and 
to drive Kane's from the position it held on the 
right of Greene, at 10.25 massed in column by 



y 



H 



I 1 8 GETTYSBURG. 

regiments and made a last bold effort to break 
through the Federal lines, the attack falling 
principally upon Kane's brigade, but it was 
repulsed with severe loss, and under the com- 
bined attack of the six brigades of the Twelfth 
Corps the seven brigades of the Confederates 
were driven beyond Rock Creek, with a loss of 
nearly 2000 killed and wounded and 3 stands 
of colors. 

At eleven o'clock the battle ceased on the 
right. The Federal line was now almost as it 
was at noon the day before, before the Third 
Corps moved out to the Emmittsburg Road and 
the Wheat-Field, except that the Fifth Corps 
extended the line on the left, occupying Little 
and Big Round Tops. 

On the right, at Culp's Hill, was the Twelfth 
Corps, on its left Wadsworth's division of the 
First ; then the Eleventh upon Cemetery Hill, 
on its left Robinson's division of the First ; 
then Hays's (except Carroll's brigade, still on 
Cemetery Hill with the Eleventh) and Gibbon's 
divisions of the Second ; then Doubleday's divi- 
sion of the First, including Stannard's Vermont 
brigade, which had joined it the evening of the 
1 st ; then Caldwell's division of the Second; then 
the Third, in support of McGilvery's artillery ; 
then the Fifth. The Sixth Corps was distributed 
to strengthen the line. Wheaton's brigade, 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. I 1 9 

now commanded by Nevin, — 93d, 98th, io2d, 
and 1 39th Pennsylvania, and 62d New York 
Infantry, — still lay to the right and front of 
Little Round Top. To its left and rear was 
Bartlett's brigade, of Wright's division, — 5th 
Maine, 121st New York, 95th and 96th Penn- 
sylvania Infantry, — while to its right and rear was 
Torbert's New Jersey brigade of the same divi- 
sion, — 1 st, 2d, 3d, and 15th New Jersey Infantry. 
In rear of Bartlett's was Eustis's brigade, of 
Wheaton's division, — 7th, 10th, 37th Massachu- 
setts, and 2d Rhode Island Infantry. Russell's 
brigade, of Wright's division, — 6th Maine, 5th 
Wisconsin, 49th and 119th Pennsylvania In- 
fantry, — and Grant's Vermont brigade, — 2d, 3d, 
4th, 5th, and 6th Infantry, — of Howe's division, 
were posted on the extreme left, to the rear of 
Big Round Top, to guard against an anticipated 
flank movement from that direction. Neill's 
brigade, of Howe's division, — 7th Maine, 61st 
Pennsylvania, 33d, 43d, 49th, and 77th New 
York Infantry, — was sent to the extreme right, 
on Wolf's Hill, beyond Rock Creek, while 
Shaler's brigade, as we have noticed, went to 
the support of the Twelfth Corps. Stewart's 
United States, Weidrick's New York, Ricketts's 
Pennsylvania, and Reynolds's New York bat- 
teries still occupied Cemetery Hill. Bancroft's 
4th United States, Dilger's 1st Ohio, Taft's 



I 20 GETTYSBURG. 

New York, Eakin's 1st United States, Wheeler's 
13th New York, Huntington's Ohio, Hill's 1st 
West Virginia, and Edgell's New Hampshire 
batteries, under Major Osborne, were placed 
in the cemetery. On the left of the cemetery, 
near Zeigler's Grove, were Woodruff's United 
States, Arnold's Rhode Island, Cushing's United 
States, Brown's Rhode Island, and Rorty's New 
York batteries, under Captain Hazzard. Next 
to these, on the left, were Fitzhugh's New 
York, Parsons's New Jersey, Daniel's Michigan, 
Thomas's United States, Thompson's Pennsyl- 
vania, Phillips's Massachusetts, Sterling's Con- 
necticut, Hart's New York, Cooper's Penn- 
sylvania, Dow's Maine, and Ames's New York 
batteries, under Major McGilvery. On the 
extreme left were Gibbs's Ohio and Hazlett's 
United States batteries, the latter now com- 
manded by Lieutenant Rittenhouse. 

The Confederate army was also practically 
in the same position as it was on the evening of 
the 2d, Hood's division being on the extreme 
right. Benning's brigade held the ground about 
Devil's Den, which it had captured from Ward, 
Robertson's and Law's lay to its right, at the 
foot of Big Round Top, while Anderson's bri- 
g-ade extended the line westward from Round 
Top across the Emmittsburg Road. McLaws's 
division occupied the ground held the day before 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. I 2 I 

by Humphreys's, Kershaw being at the Peach 
Orchard and Wofford on the west side of the 
Wheat-Field, Pickett's division lying to the left 
of McLaws's, west of the Emmittsburg Road. 
Hill's corps was still in the centre and Ewell's 
on the left. Their artillery was well posted. 
Along the high ground on the Emmittsburg 
Road were Alexander's battalion of 8 batteries ; 
Eshleman's Washington, of 4 ; Deering's, of 
4 ; Cabell's, of 4 ; and Pogue's, of 4. To the 
left, on Seminary Ridge, were Garnett's, of 4 ; 
Lane's, of 3 ; Pegram's, of 5 ; Mcintosh's, of 
4 ; and Carter's, of 4. 

Smith's brigade, of Stein wehr's division, 55th 
and 73d Ohio and 136th New York Infantry, lay 
on the west side of Cemetery Hill, along the 
Taneytown Road, since noon of the 1 st until the 
close of the battle, and, though not otherwise 
engaged, its skirmishers were constantly on the 
line, and the brigade lost heavily, the 55th losing 
49, the 73d 145, and the 136th 109. The 33d 
Massachusetts of this brigade was detached, be- 
ing between Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill with 
Stevens's Maine battery, losing 45. A third 
of a mile in front of Hays's division were the 
Bliss house and barn, which afforded an excel- 
lent cover for the Confederate sharp-shooters, 
who kept up an annoying fire. In the afternoon 
of the 2d the 12th New Jersey, with companies 



122 GETTYSBURG. 

of the i st Delaware and 106th Pennsylvania 
Infantry, charged the barn, encountering the 
1 6th and 49th Mississippi Infantry, of Posey's 
brigade, and capturing about 100 prisoners. 
On the morning of the 3d the 12th New Jersey 
again charged the buildings, driving out those 
occupying it. Soon afterwards the 14th Con- 
necticut again charged and, by direction of 
General Smyth, burned the buildings. 

THE FINAL ASSAULT UPON CEMETERY 
RIDGE. 

Preparations were at once made for what 
proved to be the last tremendous and deadly 
encounter. Meade had strengthened the posi- 
tion held by the First and Second Corps on 
Cemetery Hill by reserve lines of Infantry, and 
battery after battery had formed in park until 
eighty guns were trained upon Seminary Ridge. 
Upon the other side, Lee had massed seventy- 
five long-range guns upon the slight eminence 
held by Humphreys's division the day before ; 
and sixty-three on Seminary Ridge. These 
guns were supported by other batteries in 
position. 

There were two hours of comparative silence, 
until one o'clock p.m., when the signal gun was 
fired from Seminary Ridge by the Washington 
Artillery of New Orleans, and there was opened 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. I 23 

between the one hundred and thirty-eight Con- 
federate guns and the eighty Federal guns the 
heaviest and most terrible artillery fire ever 
witnessed upon any battle-field in this country, 
if upon any in the world. It opened so sud- 
denly that men were torn to pieces before they 
could rise from the ground upon which they 
had been lolling ; some were stricken down 
with cigars in their mouths ; one young soldier 
was killed with the portrait of his sister in his 
hand. The earth was thrown in clouds ; splin- 
ters flew from fences and rocks ; mingled with 
the roar of the artillery were the groans of 
wounded men and the fierce neighing of man- 
gled horses. For two hours the air was filled 
with projectiles of every kind, hurled from two 
hundred guns ; but the Federal troops stood 
the fire without wavering. 

In the mean time the fresh troops of Pickett's 
Confederate division had been massed under 
cover of the slight ridge running between Semi- 
nary Ridge and the Emmittsburg Road, in rear 
of the artillery, while Pettigrew's division (for- 
merly Heth's, who was wounded on the first 
day) was massed to their rear and left behind 
Seminary Ridge. 

In the rear of the right of Pickett were the 
brigades of Wilcox and Perry, with that of 
Wright in reserve. In the rear of the right of 



1 24 GETTYSBURG. 

Pettigrew were the brigades of Scales and 
Lane, of Pender's division, commanded by 
Trimble, Pender having been killed the evening 
before. 

When the artillery ceased firing, upon Chief 
of Artillery General Hunt's order, General War- 
ren having informed him by signal from Round 
Top that under the smoke in the valley the 
enemy were forming for an attack, these troops 
moved from behind their cover and advanced 
majestically across the fields towards Cemetery 
Hill, Pickett's division on the right, Petti- 
grew' s to its left and rear, en echelon, supported 
by Scales's and Lane's brigades. Kemper's 
brigade, of Pickett's division, was on the ria-ht, 
— 24th, 1 ith, 1st, 7th, and 3d Virginia Infantry ; 
on its left was Garnett's, — 8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, 
and 50th Virginia Infantry, — while Armistead's 
— 14th, 9th, 53d, 57th, and 38th Virginia Infan- 
try — was in the rear, moving rapidly to take 
position on their left. 

On the left of Pickett were the four brigades 
of Pettigrew' s division : first, Frye's (Archer 
being a prisoner), — 1st, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, 
5th and 1 3th Alabama Infantry ; then Marshall's 
(formerly Pettigrew's), — iith, 26th, 47th, and 
5 2d North Carolina Infantry ; Davis's, — 2d, nth, 
and 42d Mississippi and 55th North Carolina In- 
fantry ; and Brockenbrough's, — 22d, 23d, 40th, 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 1 25 

47th, and 55th Virginia Infantry. In the rear 
of Frye's and Marshall's brigades were Low- 
rance's (formerly Scales's) — ist, 16th, 22d, 34th, 
13th, and 38th North Carolina Infantry — and 
Lane's, — 33d, 18th, 7th, 28th, and 37th North 
Carolina Infantry, — these two brigades being 
under Trimble. Together, the assaulting party 
numbered about 14,000. The point of direction 
was the small "copse" of trees to the left of 
Zeigler's Grove, held by Gibbon's division of 
the Second Corps. After advancing some dis- 
tance, the three brigades of Pickett's division 
made a half-wheel to the left, in order to move 
towards the objective point. 

McGilvery's forty guns on the left, with those 
of the two batteries on Round Top, opened a 
terrible fire upon them, partly taking them in 
flank, and soon afterwards Hazzard's and Os- 
borne's batteries opened upon them, the former 
with grape and canister, when their line was 
near enough. 

Into their steady ranks were poured solid 
shot, spherical case, shrapnel, shell, and canister. 
Great gaps were torn in their lines, but they 
closed up each time and moved bravely on 
against the deadly storm. They reached the 
Emmittsburg Road within five hundred feet of 
the Federal line, posted behind the stone walls. 
As Kemper's brigade on the right of Pickett's 



126 GETTYSBURG. 

division executed the wheel, its front and flank 
were exposed to the fire of the 20th New York 
and 151st Pennsylvania Infantry, of Double- 
day's division, and to that of Stannard's brigade, 
— 13th, 14th, and 1 6th Vermont Infantry, — of 
the same division, which regiments were on the 
left of Gibbon's division, and as the assaulting 
columns moved on towards the copse of trees, 
the two first-named regiments, moving in the 
same direction, continued firing, while the 13th 
and 1 6th Vermont, by direction of General 
Hancock, changed front forward on first com- 
pany and opened directly upon Kemper's flank, 
nearly destroying the 24th and nth Virginia 
Regiments, and causing his brigade to crowd to 
the left. Armistead's brigade moved rapidly in 
between Kemper's and Garnett's, and together 
they charged to the projection and angle of 
the wall held by Webb's Philadelphia brigade, — 
69th, 71st, and 7 2d, and two companies of the 
1 06th Pennsylvania Infantry (the balance of the 
1 06th having been sent the evening before to 
support batteries on Cemetery Hill). As the di- 
vision neared the wall it was joined on its left 
by Frye's Tennessee brigade, of Pettigrew's line, 
and at the same time Lowrance's North Caro- 
lina brigade rushed from the rear and joined 
Frye's and Garnett's at the angle of the wall. 
The two guns of Cushing's battery at the wall 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. I 27 

were silenced, and the left of the 7 1 st Pennsyl- 
vania was withdrawn to a line with the right, at 
the wall to the rear. Through this gap the 
Confederates crossed the wall. Garnett had 
been killed and Kemper wounded. The other 
guns of Cushing's Battery A, 4th United States, 
were posted near the clump of trees near by. 
Armistead, putting his hat on his sword, dashed 
forward towards the battery, followed by a por- 
tion of his command, and fell dead by the side of 
dishing, near the " copse" of woods, which was 
the extreme point reached by the Confederates 
in this charge. 

As the right flank of the 69th Pennsylvania 
was passed, the two right companies were 
thrown back at an angle to the wall, firing into 
the enemy that had crossed it. At the same 
time, to the left of the regiment, there was a 
gap in the wall which had been made for the 
passage of a battery the day before. Through 
this gap the enemy also passed, but the regi- 
ment held its position. Cowan's New York 
battery galloped up and opened with double 
charges of canister, at twenty paces, upon the 
enemy who had passed the left of the 69th. 

The 72d and the two companies of the 106th 
Pennsylvania moved from their position in the 
second line to the right and rear of the 69th, and 
opened upon the enemy crowding over the wall. 



128 GETTYSBURG. 

To the left of Webb's, Hall's brigade, — 
19th and 20th Massachusetts, 42d and 59th 
New York, and 7th Michigan Infantry, — after 
firing at short range upon the enemy in its front, 
made a half-wheel to the rear and attacked the 
enemy in flank. Harrow's brigade — 1st Min- 
nesota, 15th Massachusetts, 19th Maine, and 
82d New York Infantry — moved from the left 
and also attacked Pickett in flank. General 
Hancock, riding to the very front, was wounded, 
and, lying upon the front line in a reclining 
position, with the blood gushing from a wound 
in the groin, directed the battle. 

Farther to the right, Marshall's brigade, — 1 ith, 
26th, 47th, and 5 2d North Carolina, — Davis's, 
— 2d, nth, and42d Mississippi, and 55th North 
Carolina, — and Lane's, — 7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, 
and 37th North Carolina, — were fighting with 
Smyth's brigade of Hays's division of the Sec- 
ond Corps, — 1 2th New Jersey, 1st Delaware, 
14th Connecticut, and 108th New York Infan- 
try, — and Sherrill's (formerly Willard's), — 39th, 
1 1 ith, 125th, and 126th New York Infantry. 
The two little brigades of Hays's division poured 
fearful volleys into the brave foe, which com- 
pelled some of them to crowd to their right 
upon Pickett, while others fled or surrendered. 
Woodruff's battery, in the grove to the right, 
moved forward and swept the enemy with can- 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. I 29 

ister. The 8th Ohio, on the skirmish line to 
the right, changed front forward on left com- 
pany, and opened fire upon the flank. 

Meanwhile, to the left, at the angle of the 
wall, the several regiments mentioned advanced 
and poured into the yelling and desperate as- 
sailants a converging deadly fire, and the attack 
was ended. When the smoke lifted, the three 
brigades of Pickett's division were annihilated. 
Nearly half of those who survived the death 
which they so bravely faced were prisoners. 
The division lost all three of its brigadiers, Gar- 
nett and Armistead being killed, and Kemper 
severely wounded and a prisoner. It lost every 
field-officer of its fifteen regiments, except one 
lieutenant-colonel, and two-thirds of its line offi- 
cers were either killed or wounded, and but 
about 2000 out of 4900 men returned to their 
line. It lost twelve out of fifteen battle-flags. 

Pettigrew's and Trimble's divisions had also 
been repulsed with a loss of about 2000, and 
fifteen stands of colors. Troops had been 
hurried from the First, Third, and Sixth Corps 
to aid in repulsing the attack, but it had ended 
before they arrived. 

The left of the charging column, under Pet- 
tigrew and Trimble, suffered as severely as the 
right, under Pickett. 

Great injustice has been done these troops 



1 30 GETTYSBURG. 

by the prevailing erroneous impression that 
they failed to advance with those of Pickett. 
Such is not the fact. As they were formed behind 
Seminary Ridge, they had over thirteen hundred 
yards to march under the terrible fire to which 
they were exposed, while Pickett's division, 
being formed under cover of the intermediate 
ridge, had but nine hundred yards to march 
under fire. At the first the assaulting columns 
advanced en echelon, but when they reached the 
Emmittsburg Road they were on a line, and to- 
gether they crossed the road. The left of Pet- 
tigrew's command becoming first exposed to 
the fearful enfilading fire upon their left flank 
from the 8th Ohio and other regiments of Hays's 
division, and of Woodruff's battery and other 
troops, the men on that portion of the line 
(Brockenbrough's brigade) either broke to the 
rear or threw themselves on the ground for 
protection. But Pettigrew's other brigades, — 
Frye's, Davis's, and Marshall's, — with the bri- 
gades of Lowrance and Lane, under Trimble, 
advanced with Pickett up to the stone wall, and 
there fought desperately. This is substantiated 
by the fact that the colors of the 1st and 14th 
Tennessee and 13th and 5th Alabama were 
captured at the angle of the wall, and eleven 
others were picked up between the Emmitts- 
burg Road and the stone wall, in front of Hays's 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 1 31 

division. Pettigrew and Trimble, with three 
of their brigade commanders, Frye, Marshall, 
and Lowrance, were wounded. Davis's brigade 
lost all its field-officers, Marshall's all but one, 
and Frye's five out of seven. 

As the assaulting columns reached the wall, 
Wilcox's Alabama and Perry's Florida brigades 
to the right, marching according to orders, but 
having become separated from Pickett, had 
resumed the march towards the left, advancing 
from the top of the crest, from behind which 
Pickett had emerged, directly towards McGil- 
very's batteries and the Third Corps, but, being 
received with a severe fire by Stannard's Ver- 
monters, who had changed front again, and ex- 
posed to a heavy artillery fire, and seeing the 
commands of Pickett, Pettigrew, and Trimble 
repulsed, they withdrew under cover of the hill. 

Thus ended this reckless and ever-renowned 
effort to carry Cemetery* Hill by direct assault 
in the face of a hundred cannon and of the 
Federal army. The bravery displayed by the 
troops engaged in it will be ever admired by all 
those who have a pride in American courage. 
The point which the charging columns reached 
is well known as the " hi oh- water-mark of the 
Rebellion," as from the time of that repulse 
until the close of the war the hopes of its 
leaders waned, and reverses attended the 



132 GETTYSBURG. 

courageous and determined efforts of its armies. 
The prominent Confederate officers killed or 
wounded in this struggle have already been 
named. Upon the Federal side, Hancock, 
Gibbon, Webb, Stannard, and Smyth were 
wounded. Among the killed were Colonel 
Sherrill, commanding Willard's brigade, the colo- 
nel and lieutenant-colonel 69th Pennsylvania, 
lieutenant-colonels 59th New York and 7th 
Michigan, and Rorty, Cushing, and Woodruff. 

But why call this Pickett's charge ? In this 
assault there were engaged 42 Confederate 
regiments. In Pickett's division there were 15 
Virginia regiments. In Pettigrew's and Trim- 
ble's there were 15 North Carolina, 3 Missis- 
sippi, 3 Tennessee, 2 Alabama, and 4 Virginia, 
the latter being Brockenbrough's brigade. In 
addition to the artillery fire, they encountered 9 
regiments of New York, 5 of Pennsylvania, 3 
of Massachusetts, 3 of Vermont, 1 of Michigan, 
1 of Maine, 1 of Minnesota, 1 of New Jersey, 1 of 
Connecticut, 1 of Ohio, 1 of Delaware, — 27 in all. 

The troops of Trimble's and Pettigrew's divi- 
sions behaved as gallantly as those of Pickett. 
Some prominent writers, even historians like 
Swinton and Lossing, have said that the left of 
the line did not advance as was expected, and 
that it was because the troops were not of the 
same "fine quality" as those upon the right; 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 1 33 

that they were ''raw, undisciplined," etc. Yet 
but two days before these same soldiers of 
Pettigrew and Trimble had fought around Rey- 
nolds's Grove for six hours, in a struggle with 
the First Corps that is unsurpassed for bravery 
and endurance, and where so many of their 
number had fallen. There were, in fact, no 
better troops in the Confederate army than they. 
Is history repeating itself? If the event is cor- 
rectly recorded, there were at Thermopylae 300 
Spartans, 700 Thespians, and 300 Thebans. It 
is said the latter went over to the enemy, but 
the Thespians died, to a man, "at the pass" 
with the Spartans. Yet for twenty-three cen- 
turies epic song and story have well preserved 
the memory of the Spartans, while the devoted 
Thespians are forgotten. 

All honor to the Spartan Virginians who, with 
well-dressed ranks and in splendid array, moved 
so gallantly, so steadily, so dauntlessly across 
that death-swept field, but honor, too, the Thes- 
pian North Carolinians and other troops who, 
too, marched and fought there that day. The 
valor of the one will not be dimmed by according 
justice to the other. 

This assault was a reckless and useless waste 
of valor and life. Had those making- it sue- 
ceeded in breaking the Federal line, their success 
could only have been temporary, as they must 



1 34 GETTYSBURG. 

have succumbed to the immense number of 
troops, who, without weakening the line else- 
where, were hurrying to the point of attack. 

The Memorial Association, with appropria- 
tions especially made by the States for that 
purpose, has erected at the copse of trees a 
very unique and artistic memorial, and upon 
the open pages of an immense bronze volume 
are recorded the incidents of this historic assault, 
with the names of all the commands that par- 
ticipated in it on both sides. 

GREGG'S CAVALRY FIGHT ON THE 
RIGHT FLANK. 

It was part of General Lee's plan to send 
Stuart's cavalry with portions of Ewell's corps 
during the assault upon the centre of the Fed- 
eral army around its right flank, with the inten- 
tion of gaining its rear, and thus cause conster- 
nation among the troops at the very time of the 
attack in front. 

Out on the Bonnaughtown or Hanover road, 
some three miles to the right and in advance of 
the Federal infantry, was the cavalry division of 
General D. McM. Gregg. With this division, 
and for the time acting under General Gregg, 
was Custer's splendid Michigan brigade, of Kil- 
patrick's division. 

Gregg's division consisted of Mcintosh's bri- 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 1 35 

gade, — 3d Pennsylvania, ist New Jersey, and 
1 st Maryland Cavalry, — Randoll's Light Bat- 
tery E, 1 st United States (the ist Pennsylvania 
Cavalry being upon -duty at Meade's head- 
quarters with the 2d Pennsylvania, and the ist 
Massachusetts being with the Sixth Corps), 
and J. Irvin Gregg's brigade, — 16th Pennsyl- 
vania, ist Maine, and ioth New York Cavalry 
(the 4th Pennsylvania having been ordered to 
report to General Pleasonton in rear of the 
centre). Huey's brigade of this division — 2d 
and 4th New York, 6th Ohio, and 8th Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry — had been sent to Westminster 
to protect the trains. Custer's brigade was 
composed of the ist, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michi- 
gan Cavalry and Pennington's Light Battery 
M, 2d United States. 

During the heavy cannonading, General Stu- 
art, leaving some sharp-shooters in front to en- 
gage the attention of the Federal cavalry, moved 
swiftly to his right under cover of the woods, 
with the brigades of Hampton, Fitzhugh Lee, 
W. H. F. Lee, and Jenkins, and Breathed's and 
Griffin's Maryland and McGregor's Virginia 
Lio-ht Batteries. When he debouched from the 
woods, to his surprise he found that Gregg had 
been on the alert and was in his front. Having 
failed to elude his adversary, Stuart now deter- 
mined to force his way, and there ensued upon 



1 36 GETTYSBURG. 

those fields one of the best and most closely 
fought cavalry engagements of the war. 

Custer's brigade had just left its position to 
return and rejoin its division on the left flank, 
and Mcintosh's had taken its place, the 1st 
New Jersey and a part of the 3d Pennsylvania 
being on the skirmish line. Mcintosh, con- 
vinced that the enemy was in his front, de- 
termined to develop it, and advanced his skir- 
mish line to near RummeH's barn, when the 
engagement opened. The Confederate line was 
held by a portion of Hampton's and Fitzhugh 
Lee's brigades. 

Gregg immediately ordered Custer back with 
his brigade, the 1st Maryland was placed on 
the right to guard that flank, and Irvin Gregg's 
brigade was also ordered up at a trot. Stuart 
at the same time brought forward, on his right, 
Jenkins's brigade, — 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 34th, 
and 35th Virginia Mounted Infantry. The 6th 
Michigan went into position to meet it on the 
left of the 3d Pennsylvania. In the mean time, 
Randol's and Pennington's batteries opened 
fire upon those of the enemy on the hill back of 
Rummell's house. The enemy now attempted 
to turn the right of the Federal line, but was 
repulsed by a gallant charge of a squadron of 
the 3d Pennsylvania. The 1st New Jersey's 
and 3d Pennsylvania's ammunition was nearly 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 1 37 

exhausted, when the 5th Michigan was sent to 
relieve them ; but at the same time W. H. F. 
Lee's brigade (commanded by Chambliss) — 
7th, 10th, 13th, and 15th Virginia, and 2d North 
Carolina Cavalry — came to the support of the 
Confederate line. The 3d Pennsylvania re- 
turned to the line, with the 1st New Jersey, and 
fought dismounted along the fence until every 
cartridge of carbine and pistol was gone. At 
the same time Jenkins's brigade was repulsed 
by the 6th Michigan with its repeating rifles. 
Fitzhugh Lee's brigade — 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 
5th Virginia Cavalry — now reinforced the Con- 
federate left. The 1 st Virginia charged in splen- 
did style against Gregg's right centre, and was 
met in a counter-charge by the 7th Michigan, in 
close column of squadrons. They met at a 
fence, where, face to face, they fought in a des- 
perate manner. The Confederates were rein- 
forced ; when the 5th Michigan went to the assist- 
ance of the 7th, which was falling back, the 1st 
New Jersey and 3d Pennsylvania opened on the 
flanks of the 1st Virginia and the rest of Fitz- 
hugh Lee's brigade, and they were driven back. 
As a last desperate effort, Hampton's bri- 
gade, — 1st and 2d South Carolina, Cobb's and 
Phillips's (Georgia) and Jeff. Davis's (South 
Carolina) Legions, and 1st North Carolina Cav- 
alry, — in close column of squadrons, with sabres 



I38 GETTYSBURG. 

drawn, charged in magnificent style upon the 
Federal batteries, which poured into it per- 
cussion shell and canister. 

Gregg hurled against them the 1st Michigan, 
under Custer. Upon both sides every horse 
was on the jump and every trooper wildly yell- 
ing ; the lines clashed together with a terrific 
shock. The enemy's charge was checked ; but 
Hampton was immediately reinforced by Fitz- 
hugh Lee's brigade, and the fight was renewed. 
Gregg mounted all his men as quickly as possi- 
ble, and Mcintosh, with his staff and orderlies, 
joined in the charge. The fighting was at the 
closest quarters. Hampton was wounded with a 
sabre by a charge of a squadron of the 1 st New 
Jersey, and Captain Newhall, of the 3d Pennsyl- 
vania, was wounded with the spear of a flag-staff, 
tearing open his mouth. In a frenzied manner 
the fighting went on. Then Captain Miller's 
squadron of the 3d Pennsylvania charged from 
the right and went through the Confederate line, 
cutting a portion of it off and driving it past 
RummeH's, close up to Breathed' s Confederate 
battery, which limbered up and left the field. At 
last the Confederates wavered, then turned and 
fled from the field. Many Federals, charging 
too far ahead, were swept along as prisoners 
by the retreating enemy. 

Gregg and his division had well maintained 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. I 39 

the reputation they had for steadiness and dis- 
cipline. Irvin Gregg's brigade did not partici- 
pate, as it was engaged in preventing a move- 
ment upon the right of the Federal infantry, 
and arrived to the support of the cavalry after 
the fight was over. 

The Federal cavalry, though so greatly out- 
numbered, — being- but seven regiments against 
Stuart's twenty, — fought as if inspired by a 
knowledge of the fearful consequences that 
might follow its defeat, and as if the safety of 
the army was in its keeping, and there, isolated 
from the rest of the army, the troopers fought 
and won their battle. For hours the booming 
of light artillery and the roar of carbines were 
mingled with the crack of pistol and the clash 
of sabre. Each assault of Stuart was hurled 
back, and charge was met with counter-charge, 
until, defeated and whipped, the famous Con- 
federate cavalry leader was compelled to with- 
draw his badly crippled squadrons and abandon 
his attempts to reach the flanks of the Federal 
army. The fighting was nearly all at close quar- 
ters, and the sabre and pistol were freely used. 
In one spot there were found, after the battle, 
a Federal and a Confederate cavalryman lying 
head to head, each stretched at full length, with 
his sabre firmly clasped, and each with his 
head split open, showing how simultaneously 



1 40 GETTYSBURG. 

they had dealt each other death-blows as they 
dashed together. 

THE CAVALRY CHARGE UPON THE 
LEFT. 

Upon the left of the Federal line there was 
also a great cavalry charge this day, and the 
Confederates were kept busy protecting their 
right flank. About noon Kilpatrick, with Farns- 
worth's brigade of his own division — 5th New 
York, 1 8th Pennsylvania, 1st Vermont, and 1st 
West Virginia Cavalry — and Merritt's Regular 
brigade, of Buford's division, — 1st, 2d, 5th, and 
6th United States, and 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
— crossed Plum Creek to the left of Round Top 
and endeavored to strike the supply trains of 
the enemy. 

Farnsworth, at the head of his brigade, 
bravely charged the infantry posted behind 
the stone walls. With the 1st Vermont and 
a portion of the 1st West Virginia, he broke 
through the line of the 1st Texas Infantry, 
and at a furious gallop passed along the rear 
of the Confederate line until he met the fire 
of the 4th Alabama Infantry, which had been 
hurried back from the line to meet him, when 
he boldly wheeled his brave command and 
galloped westward straight for Bachman's 
South Carolina battery upon the slope of the 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 141 

hill near the Emmittsburg Road, riding up so 
close to the mouth of the guns that a captain 
of the 1st West Virginia fell in under the guns 
with his horse, which had been shot. Exposed 
now to the fire of the 9th Georgia Infantry, 
which had double-quicked to the support of 
the battery, the intrepid leader again wheeled 
and attempted to ride along the Confederate 
rear, meeting this time the fire of the 15th Ala- 
bama Infantry, which had quickly moved back 
from Law's line to stay his daring advance. 
Once more he wheeled and attempted to break 
back through the line of the Texans, but, being 
surrounded, he was killed and his brave com- 
mand scattered, some of them even escaping 
up Big Round Top, leading their horses. 

Farther out on the Emmittsburg Road, Mer- 
ritt's United States Regular Cavalry, in an effort 
to reach the trains, was engaged in heavy skir- 
mishing for over three hours with Anderson's 
7th, 8th, 9th, nth, and 59th Georgia Infantry. 
The movements w r ere successful in detaining a 
large force of the enemy's infantry on that part 
of the field to watch them. 

In the mean time, in front of Little Round 
Top, a rebel battery was causing considerable 
damage, and McCandless's brigade of Pennsyl- 
vania Reserves was ordered to attempt its 



142 



GETTYSBURG. 



capture. Leaving the 6th Infantry to engage 
Wofford's Georgia brigade in front, McCand- 
less moved, with the 1st, 2d, and nth Infantry 
and Bucktail Rifles, to his left, and then advanced 
with the Bucktails as skirmishers. The brigade, 
having drawn the fire of Benning's brigade, — 
2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Georgia Infantry, — 
threw itself upon the ground until the volleys 
had passed over it, and then, springing to its 
feet, charged the enemy until it had reached a 
position in rear of the battery, when it quickly 
changed direction and swept over the battery, 
capturing it, with two hundred prisoners and a 
stand of colors. 

CASUALTIES FOR THE DAY. 
CULP'S HILL. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 



geary's division (twelfth corps). 
Greene s Brigade. 

•a ■ , Killed and ... . Total 

Re 8' ment " wounded. Mlssln «- loss. 

60th N. Y 52 . . 52 

78th N. Y 27 3 30 

I02d N. Y 21 8 29 

137th N. Y 127 10 137 

149th N. Y 52 3 55 

Total 279 24 303 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. 



143 



Candy's Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

wounded. 

5th Ohio 18 

7th Ohio 18 

29th Ohio 38 

60th Ohio 17 

28th Penna 24 

147th Penna 20 

Total 135 



Missing. 



Total 

loss. 

18 
18 

38 

17 

27 

20 

^38 



Kane's Brigade. 

«■*-*■ wounded" Missi "S- 

29th Penna 58 8 

109th Penna 9 I 

I nth Penna 22 

Total 89 9 



Total 
loss. 

66 
10 

22 



Engaged. 
488 
I49 

259 
896 



ruger's division (twelfth corps). 
Lockwood 's Brigade. 

Regiment. ™X«f Missing. 

ist Md ■ . 103 1 

istMd.,E. S 23 2 

150th N. Y 30 15 

Total 156 18 



Total 
loss. 

104 

25 

j45 

174 



Co/grove's Brigade. 

^ment. ™*jg 

2d Mass 132 

27th Ind 109 

13th N. J 21 

3d Wis 10 

107th N. Y 2 

Total 274 



Missing. 

4 
I 



Total 
loss. 

136 

no 

21 

10 

2 

279 



^ 



144 



GETTYSBURG. 



Regiment. 



McDougalV s Brigade. 

Killed and 
wounded. 

5th Conn 2 

20th Conn 27 

3dMd 8 

46th Penna 12 

123d N. Y 13 

145th N. Y 10 



Missing. 

5 



Total 



72 



Shaler 1 s Brigade {Sixth Corps). 

Missing. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Regiment. 

23d Penna 14 

82d Penna 6 

65th N. Y 9 

67th N. Y 

I22d N. Y 42 

Total 71 

Corps artillery 9 



Total 
loss. 

7 
28 

8 
13 

10 

"io 



Total 
loss. 

*4 

6 

9 
1 

44 



74 
9 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 



JOHNSON S DIVISION. 

Steuarfs Brigade. 

o= m - m ^f Killed and Total 

Re S iment - wounded. loss. 

1st Md 144 144 

1st N. C 52 52 

3d N. C 156 156 

10th Va 21 21 

23d Va 18 18 

37th Va 54 54 

Total 445 445 

The brigade, however, reported a loss of 482 
killed and wounded and 190 missing. 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. 



H5 



Williams's Brigade. 

Regiment. Killed and 

wounded. 

1st La 39 

2d La 62 

10th La 91 

14th La 65 

15th La 38 

Total 295 



Total 
loss. 

39 

62 
91 

65 
J! 

295 



Loss reported by brigade, 352 killed and 
wounded, 36 missing ; total loss, 388. 



Walker's Brigade. 

D Killed and 

Regiment. , , 

b wounded. 

2d Va 14 

4th Va 86 

5th Va 51 

27th Va 41 

33d Va 4 3 

Total 240 



Total 
loss. 

14 

86 

51 

41 



240 



Loss reported by brigade, 243 killed and 
wounded, 87 missing ; total loss, 330. 



Jones's Brigade. 

,, . . Killed and 

Regiment. > , 

b wounded. 

2 1st Va 50 

25th Va 70 

42d Va 56 

44th Va 56 

48th Va 76 

50th Va 99 

407 
10 



6l 



Total 
loss. 

5° 

70 

56 
56 
76 

99 

407 = 468 



I46 GETTYSBURG. 



EARLY S DIVISION. 

Smith 's Brigade. 

«*—• wL^ hissing. Total 

31st Va 20 7 27 

40th Va 90 10 100 

S2dVa 15 . . 15 

Total 125 17 142 

The losses of Daniel's and O'Neal's brigades 
are not reported separately for this day, and the 
others were understated. 

Killed and «,„•„„ Total 

1 1 Missing. , 
wounded. b loss. 

Total Federal losses .... 1085 70 1 155 

Total Confederate losses . . 1609 391 2000 

The losses of the Federal troops here were 
comparatively light, because they were pro- 
tected by breastworks and the large boulders, 
an advantage they seldom enjoyed during the 
war. 

CEMETERY RIDGE. 

FEDERAL LOSSES. 

gibbon's division (second corps). 

Harrow's Brigade. 

t, . Killed and »». . Total ■& , 

Regiment. , , Missing. , Engaged. 

6 wounded. 6 loss. ° s 

19th Me 195 4 199 

82d N. Y 69 . . 69 

1st Minn 24 . . 24 62 

Total 288 4 292 62 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 1 47 

The loss of the 15th Massachusetts, of this 
brigade, in the two days was 148, most of it 
being on the 2d, where it has been given with 
that of the 8 2d New York, which that day lost 
123, and the 1st Minnesota 201 of 263 engaged. 

Webb's Philadelphia Brigade. 

■a . Killed and ... . Total „ , 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssin S- loss. Engaged. 

69th Penna 122 7 129 329 

71st Penna 79 19 98 331 

72d Penna 189 2 191 458 

1 06th Penna. (2 cos.) .63 4 67 

Total 453 32 485 1118 

Hall's Brigade. 

■c Killed and ... . Total 

Regiment. , . Missing. , 

6 wounded. & loss. 

19th Mass 70 7 77 

20th Mass 124 3 127 

7th Mich 65 . . 65 

42d N. Y 70 4 74 

59th N. Y. (4 cos.) 34 . . 34 

Total . 363 14 377 

Stannard 's Brigade {First Corps). 

■a Killed and »»:._i„ Total 

Re g ,ment " wounded. Mlssln S- loss. 

13th Vt 113 10 123 

14th Vt 86 21 107 

16th Vt 118 1 119 

Total 317 32 349 

The losses of the 20th New York, and the 
151st Pennsylvania, of the First Corps, for this 



148 



GETTYSBURG. 



day are not reported, being given with 
heavy losses they suffered on the 1st. 



the 



HAYS'S DIVISION (SECOND CORPS). 

Smyth's Brigade. 

_. . Killed and ... . 

Regiment. wounded. Mlssln S- 

14th Conn 62 4 

1st Del 64 13 

12th N. J 106 9 

108th N. Y 102 

10th N. Y. (4 cos.) 6 

Total 340 26 

8th Ohio (Carroll's brigade) . . 101 I 



Total 
loss. 

66 

77 

"5 

102 

6 

366 



The 1 2th New Jersey withheld its fire until 
the enemy was within twenty yards of the wall, 
and then opened with buck and ball, causing 
great slaughter in Frye's and Lowrance's 
brigades. 

Lieutenant William Smith, in command of 
the 1 st Delaware, was found after the battle, 
dead, with his sword in one hand and a Con- 
federate flag in the other. 

The loss of Willard's brigade — 39th, 111th, 
125th, and 126th New York — for the two days 
was 714, 500 of which was probably incurred 
on the 2d in the encounter with Barksdale's 
brigade, and the balance of 200 on the 3d. 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. 



149 



Artillery. 

n„ *♦«-,. Killed and 

Batter >- wounded. 

Woodruffs U. S 25 

Cushing's U. S 38 

Arnold's R. 1 31 

Brown's R. 1 26 

Rorty's N. Y 26 

Cowan's N. Y 12 

Total 158 



Missing. 



Total 
loss. 

25 

38 

32 

28 

26 

12 

161 



CONFEDERATE LOSSES. 
pickett's division. 
Garnet? s Brigade. 

R.„;™.r,f Killed and Total 

Re S' ment - wounded. loss. 

8th Va 54 54 

18th Va 87 87 

19th Va 44 44 

28th Va 77 77 

56th Va 62 62 

Total 324 324 

The brigade report, however, shows the loss 

to be 402 killed and wounded and 539 missing. 



A r mis lead' s Brigade. 

9th Va 71 

14th Va 108 

38th Va 170 

53 d Va io 4 

57th Va 121 

Total 574 643 



Total 
loss. 

71 
108 

170 
104 

121 

574=1217 



1 50 GETTYSBURG. 

Kemper 's Brigade, 

t, ■ Killed and »„. - Total 

Re S' ment - wounded. Mlssm S- loss. 



1st Va 64 

3d Va 67 

7th Va 94 

nth Va 109 

24th Va 128 



64 
67 

94 
109 
128 



Total 462 317 462 = 779 

Total for division, 1438 killed and wounded 
and 1499 missing. 

PETTIGREW'S AND TRIMBLE'S DIVISIONS. 

In view of the controversy as to the com- 
parative casualties in Pickett's division, and in 
Pettigrew's and Trimble's, it would be very in- 
teresting if those of the latter two divisions 
upon this day had been separately reported, 
they having been so severely engaged on the 

1 St. 

While they cannot be ascertained accurately, 
they can, however, be closely approximated. 

Commencing with Archer's brigade, Colonel 
Frye, commanding it, said that as they neared 
the wall General Garnett, commanding Pickett's 
left brigade, called out to him that he was dress- 
ing on him (Frye), and that together they ap- 
proached the wall. This brigade reports a loss 
of 517 missing, 75 of whom, the report says, 
were captured on the 1st with General Archer. 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. I 5 I 

The balance, 442, must therefore have been 
lost on the 3d, and it can be fairly assumed that 
at least three-fourths of them were killed and 
wounded, if not more, for the brigade here lost 
5 of 7 field-officers killed and wounded, and 
line-officers in proportion, and the men in the 
ranks were as much exposed. 

In Pettigrew's brigade, the 26th North Caro- 
lina reported a loss of 126 missing, all of which 
must have been on the 3d, as the regiment re- 
mained in possession of the field on the 1st. It 
went into battle on the 3d with but 216, and 
had but 84 remaining when the regiment retired 
to its own line. Therefore 132 must have been 
lost in killed, wounded, and missing, and cer- 
tainly the other three regiments, — 11th, 47th, 
and 5 2d, the latter two being much larger, — 
having also gone across the Emmittsburg Road, 
and met the fire of Hays's division and Wood- 
ruff's battery, must have lost as heavily, making 
a brigade loss of 528, 300 of whom were killed 
and wounded. This is not an exaggerated es- 
timate, inasmuch as the brigade lost here all its 
field-officers but' one, and the report says regi- 
ments came out commanded by lieutenants. 

But when w T e come to Davis's Mississippi 
brigade we have a more certain basis of calcu- 
lation. The nth Mississippi regiment, being 
on duty with the trains, was not engaged on 



I 5 2 GETTYSBURG. 

the 1st, and its reported loss, 202, was all in- 
curred on the 3d. The other three regiments, 
2d and42d Mississippi and 52d North Carolina, 
reported a loss of killed and wounded of 695 in 
the two days. A large portion of the 2d and 
42d was captured on the 1st, but the remnants 
of these regiments, with the 55th North Caro- 
lina, a large regiment, together most likely- 
equalled in strength on the 3d that of the 1 ith, 
and lost as heavily, making at least 400 for the 
brigade. 

General Lane reported a loss of 660 killed 
and wounded, most of which he says "occurred 
on the 3d, his loss on the 1st being but slight," 
and if it is estimated at a third of the entire 
loss, there would be a loss of 440 for the 3d. 

Scales's brigade lost 425 killed and wounded 
and 1 10 missing, the latter of whom must have 
all been lost on the 3d, as it retained possession 
of the field on the 1 st. As the remnant of this 
brigade went up to the wall with Archer's, it 
is but fair to assume that of the 425 killed and 
wounded, at least 100 were lost on the 3d, 
making a total loss of 210 for the day. 

Brockenbrough's brigade reported a loss of 
148 for the two days, and most of this occurred 
on the 1st in front of Reynolds's Grove. 

The losses, therefore, of these two divisions 
were approximately, — 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. I 53 

Killed and „.. . „ Total 

wounded. Mlssin g- loss. 

Archer's brigade 330 112 442 

Pettigrew's brigade 300 228 528 

Davis's brigade 244 160 404 

Lane's brigade 264 176 440 

Scales's brigade 125 85 210 

Total 1263 761 2024 



Wilcox's brigade, of Anderson's division, re- 
ported a loss of 204 killed and wounded on the 
3d, and Perry's 155. 

Killed and »«„■„„ Total 
wounded. Mlssln &- loss. 

Total Federal losses 2220 1 12 2332 

Total Confederate losses . . . 3060 2260 5320 

There were engaged during the day upon 
Culp's Hill and Cemetery Ridge, upon the Fed- 
eral side, 21 regiments of New York, 13 of 
Pennsylvania, 5 of Ohio, 4 of Massachusetts, 3 
of Vermont, 3 of Connecticut, 3 of Maryland, 2 
of New Jersey, 1 of Michigan, 1 of Minnesota, 
one of Delaware, 1 of Wisconsin, 1 of Indiana, — ^ 
59 in all ; and upon the Confederate side, 36 of 
Virginia, 22 of North Carolina, 7 of Alabama, 
5 of Louisiana, 3 of Mississippi, 3 of Tennessee, 
and 1 of Maryland, — yy in all, those of Virginia 
predominating this day, as those of North Caro- 
lina did on the 1st, and those of Georgia on 
the 2d. 



i 54 gettysburg. 

cavalry losses on right flank. 

gregg's federal command. 

Mcintosh's Brigade. 

X3 . , Killed and ». . Total 

Re S lmem " wounded. Mlssm g- loss. 

ist N. J 7 . . 7 

3d Penna 15 6 21 

Total 22 6 28 

Custer's Brigade. 

r>„ •„,„„. Killed and »,. . Total 

Re S' ment - wounded. M,ssm £- loss. 

ist Mich 53 20 73 

5th Mich 38 18 56 

6th Mich 27 1 28 

7th Mich 61 39 100 

Total 179 78 257 



STUART S CONFEDERATE DIVISION. 

Killed and Missin „ Total 

wounded. °' loss. 

Hampton's brigade 75 16 91 

Fitzhugh Lee's brigade .... 21 29 50 

W. H. F. Lee's brigade .... 29 12 41 

Total 125 57 182 

FEDERAL CAVALRY ON LEFT FLANK. 

KILPATRICK'S COMMAND. 

FarnsivortK s Brigade. 

r> -~»„. Killed and Ar - . Total 

Regiment. , , Missing. , 

wounded. b loss. 

1st Vt 38 27 65 

ist West Va 8 4 12 

18th Penna 6 8 14 

5th N. Y 2 4 6 

Total 54 43 97 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. 155 

Merritfs Regular Brigade. 

»*— «■ "S Missing. HJ 

6th Penna io 2 12 

1st U. S 12 3 15 

2d U. S 10 7 17 

5th U.S 4 1 5 

6th U. S 34 208 242 

Total 70 221 291 

The losses of the latter regiment occurred in 
desperate engagement during a reconnoissance 
near Fairfield. 



The battle of Gettysburg, with its severe and 
desperate fighting and terrible slaughter and suf- 
fering, was over. The magnitude of the strug- 
gle was unsurpassed during the war. The re- 
sult of the battle was a severe blow to the cause 
of the Rebellion. The defeat of Lee blasted the 
bright hopes of himself and other prominent 
leaders. He had invaded Pennsylvania with 
the intention of transferring to Northern soil 
the burden of the contending armies and to 
threaten Philadelphia, New York, and other 
principal cities. He had crossed the Potomac 
with what he considered an invincible army. 
With that army beaten, crippled, its discipline 
and morale seriously damaged, and its prestige 
gone, he was compelled to commence his weary 
retreat into Virginia. 



1 56 GETTYSBURG. 

General Meade was loath to believe that his 
adversary had commenced his retreat. Early 
on the 4th, Gregg's cavalry division was sent 
out on a reconnoissance, and discovered the 
Confederate army retreating in the most hurried 
manner. The pursuit was commenced by the 
Cavalry Corps under Pleasonton. A portion of 
it moved rapidly to Emmittsburg in the after- 
noon, and from there to Monterey Pass, which it 
reached after dark, and where it found Stuart's 
cavalry endeavoring to convoy a wagon-train, 
more than nine miles loner, over the moun- 
tains. Amid the darkness and terrible thunder- 
storm of that night a fierce fight occurred be- 
tween the two forces, and the Federal cavalry 
defeated Stuart's, capturing many prisoners and 
destroying almost the whole wagon-train as it 
madly dashed down the narrow mountain road 
in the darkness of the night. 

The Federal cavalry the next day moved to 
Boonsboro' and then to Hagerstown, reach- 
ing there in advance of Lee's army. It opposed 
his advance with determination, but Lee moved 
on to Williamsport and Falling Waters, where 
he arrived with his army in a pitiable condition 
and without adequate means to cross the river. 

Pleasonton's troopers for several days seri- 
ously harassed the enemy, but no general attack 
was made. 



THIRD DAYS BATTLE. I 57 

On the 13th of July an attack by the army 
was ordered for the 14th, but when the ad- 
vance was made, next day, it was discovered 
that Lee had succeeded in transferring his army 
across the Potomac the night before. How- 
ever, the cavalry, upon dashing upon the rear- 
guard at Falling Waters, captured several 
hundred prisoners. General Pettigrew, who 
had been wounded at Gettysburg, was killed 
here. With some difficulty Lee moved his army 
to the banks of the Rapidan, and his disastrous 
campaign was over. 

It is idle, perhaps, to speculate as to what 
might have been the result had General Meade 
been permitted by the authorities at Washington 
to carry out Hooker's plan, and send the 10,000 
troops under French at Harper's Ferry up the 
Potomac, to destroy the bridges and the lines of 
communication of the Confederate army, instead 
of withdrawing them to Washington. In fact, 
there was a large number of troops in the de- 
fences of Washington that could have easily 
been spared to reinforce French, so that he 
could have successfully resisted the passage of 
the Potomac by Lee's army when it attempted 
to recross into Virginia. 

Again, the thought suggests itself, What 
would have been the result had the 20,000 
emergency troops of Pennsylvania and the 



158 GETTYSBURG. 

4000 or 5000 of other States, which were lying 
at Harrisburg and in the upper end of the 
Cumberland Valley, been moved during the 
battle to the passes of the South Mountain, 
and, throwing up works, opposed the return of 
the Confederate army over the mountain ? The 
passes were much nearer to the western than 
to the eastern side of the mountain, and there 
was every facility for the construction of strong 
defensive works. It will not do to say that 
these troops were raw and undisciplined. For 
the answer to it will be the conduct at Gettys- 
burg, as we have seen, of such new regiments 
as the 24th Michigan, 151st Pennsylvania, and 
those of Stone's Pennsylvania brigade, all of 
which there fought their first battle. What, 
too, of the 40,000 French and Prussian boys 
who fought and fell at Lutzen ? Or a still 
better answer will be the record of the 125th, 
128th, and 130th Pennsylvania Infantry, which, 
within a month after their muster-in, fought at 
Antietam so as to win the admiration of vet- 
eran regiments, — the 125th losing 146 killed 
and wounded ; the 128th, 119; and the 130th, 
178, — they being, as General French said, "un- 
drilled but admirably equipped, and of the best 
material." So were these emergency troops 
well equipped, with Springfield rifles, and com- 
posed of intelligent men, whose spirit can be 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. 1 59 

best judged by the fact that, when they en- 
listed, they believed that they were the only 
troops who would stand between Lee's army 
and the Northern cities. Again, it must be 
remembered that a large portion of them had 
been in service and had been discharged for 
wounds or other causes. Among them, too, 
were the greater portion of the 16 regiments 
of Pennsylvania nine-months' troops who had 
recently been discharged, — men who fought at 
Antietam, as has just been stated, and who had 
also composed that splendid division which, 
under the intrepid Humphreys at Fredericks- 
burg, had gallantly charged the wall on Marye's 
Heights, after they had seen such veteran divi- 
sions as those of Hancock, French, and Howard 
fail and the slopes covered with those who had 
fallen in the fruitless assaults. 

Equipped and officered, and animated by the 
spirit that they were, these troops would cer- 
tainly have offered determined and sturdy re- 
sistance to Lee's retreating army had they been 
in position in the mountain-passes. 

With French's force destroying the communi- 
cations and holding the fords, with the emer- 
gency troops on the mountain, with the cavalry 
and the fresh troops of the Sixth Corps thrown 
across its path east of the mountains, and the 
balance of the enthusiastic Army of the Potomac 



1 60 GETTYSBURG. 

upon its rear and flank, what would have been 
the position of Lee's army with its depleted 
ammunition-chests and without supplies ? 

Might not that which happened two years 
afterwards at Appomattox have occurred in 
Pennsylvania, in the shadow of the South 
Mountain ? 

TOTAL CASUALTIES OF THE BATTLE. 

Killed and >.■ • T . ,, 

wounded. Mlssln S- Total lo! *- 

Federals 17,555 5435 22,990 

Confederates (as reported) . 15,298 5150 20,448 

At least a fourth of the missing were among 
the killed and wounded. Of the latter, there 
were, as heretofore mentioned, three killed to 
seven wounded, according to the revised reports 
of the War Department, and the interesting and 
highly instructive statistics compiled by Colonel 
Fox, of Albany, New York, in his valuable 
book, " Regimental Losses." 

There were 12,227 wounded and unwounded 
Confederates captured, according to the list on file 
in the Adjutant-General's office in Washington. 

Only two brigades of the eight of the Federal 
Sixth Corps were engaged, that of Nevin in 
front of Round Top and that of Shaler upon 
Culp's Hill. 

Every Confederate regiment was actively 
engaged, except those of Mahone's Virginia, 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. 



161 



Posey's Mississippi, and Thomas's Georgia bri- 
gades, which were only engaged as skirmishers. 
Upon the map which precedes this narrative 
the positions of the troops are marked with ap- 
proximate accuracy, so that an intelligent idea 
can be formed of the location of the lines of 
battle during the three days. 

POINTS ON THE FIELD WHERE THE PRINCIPAL 
FIGHTING OCCURRED, IN THE ORDER OF ITS 
SEVERITY. 

Federals. 

Killed and «,„,„„ Total 
wounded. Mlss '°g- loss. 

1. Wheat-Field 3592 541 4133 

2. Reynolds's Grove .... 2880 1191 4071 

3. Emmittsburg Road . . . 2396 249 2645 

4. Cemetery Ridge 2220 112 2332 

5. Eleventh Corps Line . . . 1768 1427 3195 

6. Culp's Hill 1085 70 1 155 

7. Peach Orchard 1008 277 1285 

8. Oak Ridge 707 982 1689 

9. Round Top 544 31 575 

10. East Cemetery Hill . . . 345 56 401 



Confederates. 



1. Wheat-Field . . . 

2. Reynolds's Grove . 

3. Emmittsburg Road 

4. Cemetery Ridge . . 

5. Eleventh Corps Line 

6. Culp's Hill .... 

7. Peach Orchard . . 

8. Oak Ridge .... 

9. Round Top .... 
10. East Cemetery Hill 



Killed and 
wounded. 

2416 

3971 
I326 

3°3° 

656 
1609 
95° 
955 
680 
488 



Missing. 

406 

317 
652 

355° 
121 

391 

97 

1400 

146 

170 



Total 
loss. 

2822 

4288 

1978 

6580 

777 
2000 
1047 

2355 
826 
658 



11 



1 62 



GETTYSBURG. 



LOSSES BY DIVISIONS. 



Division. 
Humphreys's 
Birney's . . 
Gibbon's . . 
Doubleday's 
Wadsworth's 
Hays's . . 
Caldwell's 
Ayres's . 
Barnes's . 
Schurz's . 
Barlow's . 
Robinson's 
Steinwehr's 
Geary's . 
Williams's 
Crawford's 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Federal. 

Corps. 

Third 1865 

Third 1648 

Second 1541 

First 1505 

First 1495 

Second 1225 

Second 1063 

Fifth 966 

Fifth 860 

Eleventh .... 817 

Eleventh .... 814 

First 703 

Eleventh .... 613 

Twelfth 503 

Twelfth 493 

Fifth 210 

Sixth (not engaged) 212 

Cavalry 442 



Missing. 

227 

362 

93 

591 

633 

66 

206 

63 

44 

659 

492 

983 

333 

36 

40 

3 

3° 
470 



Confederate. 



Division. 

Heth's. . 

Rodes's . 

McLaws's 

Hood's 

Pender's 1 

Johnson's 

Pickett's . 

Anderson's 

Early's 



Killed and 
wounded. 



Corps. 

Hill's 2316 

Ewell's 2149 

Longstreet's . . . 185 1 

Longstreet's . . . 1847 

Hill's 1584 

Ewell's 1498 

Longstreet's . . . 1389 

Hill's 1275 

Ewell's 966 

Cavalry 176 



Missing. 

534 
704 

3 2 7 
442 
116 

375 

1499 

840 

226 

64 



1 In Caldwell's " History of McGowan's South Carolina Brigade," 
the number of killed and wounded in Pender's division at Gettysburg 
is stated as 2983. 



THIRD DAY S BATTLE. 



163 



LOSSES BY STATES. 
Federal States. 

Killed and ..- ■ 

wounded. Missing. 

New York 4953 1663 

Pennsylvania 4443 1452 

Massachusetts 1078 316 

Ohio 895 376 

Michigan 810 259 

Maine 743 228 

Wisconsin 618 188 

New Jersey 609 71 

Indiana 480 69 

Vermont 358 59 

New Hampshire 321 47 

Connecticut 228 114 

Minnesota 223 1 

Delaware 136 25 

Maryland 136 4 

Rhode Island 92 5 

West Virginia 54 13 

Illinois 43 96 

U. S. Regulars 1167 296 



-t 



Confederate States. 

Killed and 
wounded. 

North Carolina 3286 

Virginia 2872 

Georgia 2759 

Alabama 1788 

Mississippi 1445 

South Carolina 1 214 

Lousiana 622 

Texas 309 

Florida 250 

Maryland 149 

Arkansas 142 

Tennessee 87 



Missing. 

718 

1813 

689 

796 

92 

37 
128 
120 

205 



300 



1 64 GETTYSBURG. 

With some prolixity, and with probable 
tediousness to the reader, the position of every 
regiment and battery in both armies actively 
engaged in the battle has been stated, together 
with the casualties it suffered and the names of 
the commands which fought with it and those 
which fought against it. The movements and 
positions of the several commands have been 
given as they have been established by the 
information gathered by the Memorial Associa- 
tion in the manner mentioned in the introduc- 
tion. The losses are based entirely upon the 
official reports. 

Every effort has been made by the Memorial 
Association to give proper credit to each com- 
mand for what it did, to do injustice to none, of 
North or South. 

The people of each State can be justly proud 
of its troops who fought at Gettysburg, and 
may well render unto them tributes of admira- 
tion and homage. And the people of our 
whole country can rejoice that there was noth- 
ing done by any to tarnish their record as sol- 
diers. The two great armies of Americans, 
which, for those three memorable days, in the 
heat and glare of the July sun of 1863, met in 
determined, fierce, and deadly combat upon the 
field of Gettysburg, by their fidelity and gal- 
lantry, their fortitude and valor, carved the 



Third day's battle. 165 

highest niche in the temple of martial fame and 
glory for the American soldier. 

"All time will be the millennium of their 
glory." One was right and the other wrong. 
But, in the knowledge of the subsequent de- 
velopment, progress, peace, and prosperity of 
our united, common country, victor and van- 
quished now alike believe that in the Providence 
of God it was right and well that the issue at 
Gettysburg was determined as it was. And 
the people of all sections of our great republic, 
moved by the impulse of sincere and zealous 
loyalty, of fervent and exalted patriotism, may 
say, "All is well that ends well." 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. 

Gettysburg was the first cemetery in the 
country dedicated to the exclusive burial of 
soldiers, and was the first of our many national 
cemeteries. 

A few days after the terrific battle, Governor 
A. G. Curtin, of Pennsylvania, hastened to the 
relief of the sick and wounded soldiers, visiting 
the battle-field and the numerous hospitals in 
and around Gettysburg, for the purpose of 
perfecting arrangements for alleviating the 
sufferings and ministering to the wants of the 
wounded and dying. He appointed David 
Wills, Esq., of Gettysburg, to act as his special 
agent there. 

The governor, with that profound sympathy 
and that care and anxiety for the soldier which 
always characterized him, approved the design 
for a soldier's cemetery, and directed a corre- 
spondence to be entered into at once with the 
governors of the other States having soldiers 
buried on the battle-field. The governors of 
the different States, with great promptness, 
seconded the project, and the details of the 
arrangement were subsequently agreed upon. 

166 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. I 67 

Grounds favorably situated were selected by 
the agent, and the governor directed him to 
purchase them for the State of Pennsylvania, 
for the specific purpose of the burial of the 
soldiers who fell in defence of the Union in the 
battle of Gettysburg, lots in this cemetery to 
be gratuitously tendered to each State having 
such dead on the field. The expenses of the 
removal of the dead, of the laying out, orna- 
menting, and enclosing the grounds, of erecting 
a lodge for a keeper, and of constructing a 
suitable monument to the memory of the dead, 
were to be borne by the several States, and 
assessed in proportion to their population, as 
indicated by their representation in Congress. 
The governor stipulated that the State of Penn- 
sylvania would subsequently keep the grounds 
in order, and the buildings and fences in repair. 

Seventeen acres of land on Cemetery Hill, 
at the apex of the triangular line of battle of 
the Union army, were purchased by Pennsyl- 
vania for this purpose. There were stone 
fences upon these grounds, which had been 
advantageously used by the infantry, and upon 
the elevated portions many batteries of artillery 
had been planted. 

"The Soldiers' National Cemetery" was in- 
corporated by an Act of Legislature of Penn- 
sylvania, approved March 25, 1864. 



1 68 GETTYSBURG. 

The cemetery is beautifully located upon the 
highest ground of Cemetery Ridge. 

The enclosure around it consists of a very 
substantial, well-built stone wall, surmounted 
with heavy dressed coping stone. This wall 
extends along the east, north, and west sides of 
the grounds. The division fence between the 
Soldiers' National Cemetery and the local cem- 
etery is of iron. The front fence and gate-way 
are of ornamental iron-work. The gate-way 
bears this inscription : 

" On Fame's eternal camping ground 
Their silent tents are spread, 
While glory guards with solemn round 
The bivouac of the dead. ' ' 

The gate-lodge is a handsome stone building, 
two stories high. The grounds are beautifully 
graded and tastefully planted with trees and 
shrubs. The erection of the head-stones, cost- 
ing over $20,000, and which took over a year 
to complete, is a most permanent and durable 
piece of work. 

The eminent landscape gardener, Mr. William 
Saunders, of the Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, was employed to lay out the 
cemetery. 

THE GRAVES. 

The grounds are laid off in lots for each State, 
proportioned in size to the number of bodies 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. I 69 

identified as those of soldiers belonging to such 
State. There is also a lot set apart for the 
burial of the remains of those who belonged to 
the regular service. The graves of about one- 
third of the dead were unmarked, but these 
bodies are deposited in prominent and honor- 
able positions at each end of the semicircular 
arrangement of the lots. The grounds natu- 
rally have a gradual slope in every direction 
from the centre of the semicircle to the circum- 
ference. Each lot is laid off in sections, with a 
space of five feet for a walk between each two 
sections. The outer section is lettered A, and 
so on in alphabetical order. As the observer 
stands in the centre of the semicircle, facing 
the circumference, the burials commence at the 
right hand of the section in each lot, and the 
graves are numbered numerically. A register 
was made of the number, name, regiment, and 
company of the occupant of each grave. Two 
feet of space is allotted to each, and they are 
laid with the heads towards the centre of the 
semicircle. At the head of the graves there is 
a stone wall, built up from the bottom as a 
foundation for the headstones, which are placed 
along the whole length of each section, and on 
which, opposite each grave, are engraved the 
name, regiment, and company of the deceased. 
These headstones are all alike in size, the de- 



170 



GETTYSBURG. 



sign being wholly adapted to a symmetrical 
order, and one which combines simplicity and 
durability. No other marks are permitted to 
be erected. 

A few of the States sent agents to Gettysburg 
to superintend the removal and burial of their 
dead, while most of them intrusted the arrange- 
ments for that purpose to the agent of the State 
of Pennsylvania. 

The State, in 1865, published in book form a 
complete list by States of all the burials, giving, 
where possible, names, companies, and regi- 
ments. The following is the number of burials 
by States : 



Maine 104 

New Hampshire 49 

Vermont 61 

Massachusetts 159 

Rhode Island 12 

Connecticut 22 

New York 866 

New Jersey 78 

Pennsylvania 526 

Delaware 15 

Maryland 22 

West Virginia n 



Ohio 131 

Indiana 80 

Illinois 6 

Michigan 171 

Wisconsin 73 

Minnesota 52 

U. S. Regulars 138 

Unknown — Lot North . . .411 

Unknown — Lot South . . . 425 

Unknown — Lot Inner Circle 143 

Total. ........ 3555 



DEDICATION SERVICES. 



The consecration of these cemetery grounds 
was, in due time, suggested by Governor Curtin. 
Hon. Edward Everett was invited to deliver the 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. IJl 

oration, and the 19th of November, 1863, was 
fixed upon as the day. To Major-General D. N. 
Couch, commanding the Department of the Sus- 
quehanna, were committed the arrangements. 
Birgfield's Brigade Band, of Philadelphia, was 
invited to furnish the music for the ceremonial 
of consecration, which was done gratuitously. 
The Presidential party was accompanied by the 
Marine Band from the Navy- Yard at Wash- 
ington, and the military detachment was at- 
tended by the band from Fort McHenry, Balti- 
more. 

EXTRACTS FROM THE ORATION OF HON. EDWARD 
EVERETT. 

" Standing beneath this serene sky, overlooking these 
broad fields now reposing from the labors of the waning 
year, the mighty Alleghanies dimly towering before us, 
the graves of our brethren beneath our feet, it is with hesi- 
tation that I raise my poor voice to break the eloquent 
silence of God and Nature. But the duty to which you 
have called me must be performed ; grant me, I pray you, 
your indulgence and your sympathy. 

"It was appointed by law in Athens that the obsequies 
of the citizens who fell in battle should be performed at 
the public expense, and in the most honorable manner. 
Their bones were carefully gathered up from the funeral 
pyre, where their bodies were consumed, and brought home 
to the city. There, for three days before the interment, 
they lay in state, beneath tents of honor, to receive the 
votive offerings of friends and relatives, flowers, weapons, 
precious ornaments, painted vases (wonders of art, which 



172 GETTYSBURG. 

after two thousand years adorn the museums of modern 
Europe), the last tributes of surviving affection. Ten 
coffins of funeral cypress received the honorable deposit, 
one for each of the tribes of the city, and an eleventh in 
memory of the unrecognized, but not therefore unhonored, 
dead, and of those whose remains could not be recovered. 
On the fourth day the mournful procession was formed ; 
mothers, wives, sisters, daughters, led the way, and to them 
it was permitted by the simplicity of ancient manners to 
utter aloud their lamentations for the beloved and lost ; 
the male relatives and friends of the deceased followed ; 
citizens and strangers closed the train. Thus marshalled, 
they moved to the place of interment in that famous Cer- 
amicus, the most beautiful suburb of Athens, which had 
been adorned by Cimon, the son of *Miltiades, with walks 
and fountains and columns, whose groves were filled with 
altars, shrines, and temples, whose gardens were kept forever 
green by the streams from the neighboring hills, and 
shaded with the trees sacred to Minerva and coeval with 
the foundation of the city, whose circuit enclosed 

" ' the olive Grove of Academe, 
Plato's retirement, where the Attic bird 
Trilled his thick-warbled note the summer long,' 

whose pathways gleamed with the monuments of the illus- 
trious dead, the work of the most consummate masters that 
ever gave life to marble. There, beneath the overarching 
plane-trees, upon a lofty stage erected for the purpose, it 
was ordained that a funeral oration should be pronounced 
by some citizen of Athens, in the presence of the assembled 
multitude. 

"Such were the tokens of respect required to be paid at 
Athens to the memory of those who had fallen in the cause 
of their country. For those alone who fell at Marathon, a 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. 173 

special honor was reserved. As the battle fought upon 
that immortal field was distinguished from all others in 
Grecian history, for its influence over the fortunes of 
Hellas, — as it depended upon the event of that day whether 
Greece should live, a glory and a light to all coming time, 
or should expire, like the meteor of a moment, — so the 
honors awarded to its martyr-heroes were such as were be- 
stowed by Athens on no other occasion. They alone, of all 
her sons, were entombed upon the spot which they had for- 
ever rendered famous. Their names were inscribed upon 
ten pillars, erected upon the monumental tumulus which 
covered their ashes (where, after six hundred years, they 
were read by the traveller Pausanias), and although the 
columns, beneath the hand of time and barbaric violence, 
have long since disappeared, the venerable mound still 
marks the spot where they fought and fell, — 

" ' That battle-field where Persia's victim horde 
First bowed beneath the brunt of Hellas' sword.' 

" And shall I, fellow- citizens, who, after an interval of 
twenty-three centuries, a youthful pilgrim from the world 
unknown to ancient Greece, have wandered over that 
illustrious plain, ready to put off the shoes from off my 
feet as one that stands on holy ground, who have gazed 
with respectful emotion on the mound which still protects 
the dust of those who rolled back the tide of Persian in- 
vasion and rescued the land of popular liberty, of letters, 
and of art from the ruthless foe, stand unmoved over the 
graves of our dear brethren who so lately, on three of 
those all-important days which decided a nation's history, 
days on whose issue it depended whether this august repub- 
lican Union, founded by some of the wisest statesmen that 
ever lived, cemented with the blood of some of the purest 
patriots that ever died, should perish or endure, rolled 



1 74 GETTYSBURG. 

back the tide of an invasion not less unprovoked, not less 
ruthless, than that which came to plant the dark banner of 
Asiatic despotism and slavery on the free soil of Greece ? 
Heaven forbid ! 

"As my eye ranges over the fields whose sods were so 
lately moistened by the blood of gallant and loyal men, 
I feel as never before how truly it was said of old, that it 
is sweet and becoming to die for one's country. I feel as 
never before how justly, from the dawn of history to the 
present time, men have paid the homage of their gratitude 
and admiration to the memory of those who nobly sacri- 
ficed their lives that their fellow-men may live in safety 
and in honor. And if this tribute were ever due, when, 
to whom, could it be more justly paid than to those whose 
last resting-place we this day commend to the blessing of 
Heaven and of men ? 



" I must leave to others, who can do it from personal 
observation, to describe the mournful spectacle presented 
by these hill sides and plains at the close of the terrible 
conflict. It was a saying of the Duke of Wellington, that, 
next to a defeat, the saddest thing was a victory. The 
horrors of the battle-field, after the contest is over, the 
sights and sounds of woe, let me throw a pall over the 
scene, which no words can adequately depict to those who 
have not witnessed it, on which no one who has witnessed 
it, and who has a heart in his bosom, can bear to dwell. 
One drop of balm alone, one drop of heavenly, life-giving 
balm, mingles in this bitter cup of misery. Scarcely has 
the cannon ceased to roar, when the brethren and sis- 
ters of Christian benevolence, ministers of compassion, 
angels of pity, hasten to the field and the hospital, to 
moisten the parched tongue, to bind the ghastly wounds, 
to soothe the parting agonies alike of friend and. foe ? and 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. I 75 

to catch the last whispered message of love from dying 
lips. ' Carry this miniature back to my dear wife, but do 
not take it from my bosom until I am gone.' 'Tell my 
little sister not to grieve for me ; I am willing to die for 
my country.' 'Oh, that my mother were here!' When, 
since Aaron stood between the living and the dead, was 
there ever so gracious a ministry as this ? It has been said 
that it is characteristic of Americans to treat women with 
a deference not paid to them in any other country. I will 
not undertake to say whether this is so ; but I will say that, 
since this terrible war has been waged, the women of the 
loyal States, if never before, have entitled themselves to 
our highest admiration and gratitude, alike those who at 
home, often with fingers unused to toil, often bowed be- 
neath their own domestic cares, have performed an amount 
of daily labor not exceeded by those who work for their 
daily bread, and those who in the hospital and the tents of 
the Sanitary and Christian Commissions have rendered 
services which millions could not buy. 



" ' The whole earth,' said Pericles, as he stood over the re- 
mains of his fellow-citizens who had fallen in the first year 
of the Peloponnesian war, — ' the whole earth is the sepul- 
chre of illustrious men.' All time, he might have added, is 
the millennium of their glory. Surely I would do no injus- 
tice to the other noble achievements of the war, which have 
reflected such honor on both arms of the service, and have 
entitled the armies and the navy of the United States, their 
officers and men, to the warmest thanks and the richest 
rewards which a grateful people can pay. But they, I am 
sure, will join us in saying, as we bid farewell to the dust 
of these martyr-heroes, that wheresoever throughout the 
civilized world the accounts of this great warfare are read, 
and down to the latest period of recorded time, in the 



176 GETTYSBURG. 

glorious annals of our common country, there will be no 
brighter page than that which relates the battles of 
Gettysburg." 

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 

President Lincoln then delivered that im- 
mortal address, that masterpiece of English 
composition, which will ever rank him among 
the world's greatest orators : 

" Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought 
forth upon this continent, anew nation, conceived in liberty, 
and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created 
equal. 

" Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing 
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so 
dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle- 
field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of 
that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave 
their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether 
fitting and proper that we should do this. 

" But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, — we cannot 
consecrate — we cannot hallow — this ground. The brave 
men, living and dead, who struggled here, have conse- 
crated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The 
world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, 
but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the 
living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work 
which they who fought here have thus far so nobly ad- 
vanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the 
great task remaining before us, — that from these honored 
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which 
they here gave the last full measure of devotion — that we 
here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. 1 77 

vain — that the nation, under God, shall have a new birth 
of freedom — and that the government of the people, by 
the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." 

THE MONUMENT. 

The design of the monument, as executed by 
Mr. J. G. Batterson, of Hartford, Connecticut, 
is intended to be purely historical, telling its 
own story with such simplicity that any discern- 
ing mind will readily comprehend its meaning 
and purpose. 

The superstructure is sixty feet high, and con- 
sists of a massive pedestal, twenty-five feet 
square at the base, and is crowned with a colos- 
sal statue representing the Genius of Liberty. 
Standing upon a three-quarter globe, she raises 
with her right hand the victor's wreath of laurel, 
while with her left she gathers up the folds of 
our national flag under which the victory has 
been won. Projecting from the angles of the 
pedestal are four buttresses, supporting an 
equal number of allegorical statues representing, 
respectively, War, History, Peace, and Plenty. 

War is personified by a statue of the Ameri- 
can soldier, who, resting from the conflict, 
relates to History the story of the battle which 
this monument is intended to commemorate. 

History, in listening attitude, records with 
stylus and tablet the achievements of the field 
and the names of the honored dead. 



178 GETTYSBURG. 

Peace is symbolized by a statue of the Ameri- 
can mechanic, characterized by appropriate 
accessories. 

Plenty is represented by a female figure, with 
a sheaf of wheat and fruits of the earth, typify- 
ing peace and abundance as the soldier's 
crowning triumph. 

The main die of the pedestal is octagonal in 
form, panelled upon each face. The cornice 
and plinth above are also octagonal, and are 
heavily moulded. Upon this plinth rests an 
octagonal moulded base bearing upon the face, 
in high relief, the national arms. The upper 
die and cap are circular in form, the die being 
encircled by stars equal in number with the 
States whose sons contributed their lives as the 
price of the victory won at Gettysburg. 

STATE APPROPRIATIONS. 

The States made the following appropriations 
for the enclosing, laying out, ornamenting, and 
maintenance of the cemetery, between 1864 and 
1872 : 

Maine $4,300.00 

New Hampshire . . .• 2,255.34 

Vermont 2,600.00 

Massachusetts 9,471.83 

Connecticut 3,000.00 

Rhode Island 1,600.00 

New York 26,072.86 

New Jersey 4,205.30 



THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. 1 79 

Pennsylvania : For the purchase 

of lands $2,324.27 

Treatment and care of the 

dead 835.40 

Proportionate share for en- 
closing, ornamenting, main- 
tenance, etc 20,000.00 

Removal of Confederate dead 
to Washington Cemetery, 

Maryland 3,000.00 

$26,159.67 

Michigan 6,000.00 

Maryland 4,205.30 

Illinois 11,961.00 

Wisconsin 2,526.36 

Minnesota 1,686.50 

In 1872 the cemetery was transferred to the 
care of the National Government, since which 
time it has not only been kept in the manner 
originally designed, but improvements have been 
made from time to time, and to-day, with its 
high and prominent location, its beautiful and 
artistically arranged trees and shrubbery, its 
well-kept lawns, it is one of the most attractive 
cemeteries of the land. In one end of the ceme- 
tery is a unique rostrum constructed of stone 
pillars, covered with creeping and blooming 
vines, which is used for the services of Memorial 
Day and similar occasions. 



GETTYSBURG BATTLE-FIELD MEMO- 
RIAL ASSOCIATION. 

The Legislature of Pennsylvania, on April 
30, 1 864, conferred upon the Memorial Associa- 
tion the rights of a corporation. 

There is no record of any meeting for organ- 
ization of the gentlemen named as incorpora- 
tors. This may be due to the fact that im- 
mediately afterwards the great campaign in 
Virginia was inaugurated, and the whole atten- 
tion of the people was concentrated upon the 
prosecution of the war during the memorable 
"battle summer of 1864," and that their time 
and means were given to the care and allevia- 
tion of the wounded and suffering. Upon the 
termination of the war, in the year following, 
there was for a time a complete diversion of 
public attention from everything connected with 
or pertaining to war. 

However, the Legislature of Pennsylvania, in 
1867, appropriated the sum of three thousand 
dollars "to be applied to the purchase of por- 
tions of the battle-grounds, and the general 
purposes for which said Association was incor- 
porated," and in 1868 a like sum for the same 
180 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. I 8 I 

purpose, this being all that it was asked to 
appropriate. 

This money was presumably used in the pur- 
chase of that portion of Culp's Hill upon which 
the breastworks were still standing-, of East 
Cemetery Hill where Stewart's, Reynolds's, 
Ricketts's, and Weidrick's batteries were posted, 
and where the lunettes or redans still remain, 
and also a small piece of ground on the slope 
and summit of Little Round Top, as these 
grounds were purchased during that period. 

The first meeting of the Association of which 
there is any record was held on June 10, 1872. 

By a resolution, Mr. David McConaughy was 
appointed counsel and actuary, with full power 
to use every honorable effort to procure from 
every State interested appropriations to defray 
the expenses of carrying out the views and 
plans of the Board. 

There is no record of any meeting of the 
Board of Directors between August 26, 1874, 
and July 7, 1879. 



REORGANIZATION OF THE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 

In the summer of 1878 the Grand Army of 
the Republic of Pennsylvania encamped for a 
week on East Cemetery Hill. J. M. Vander- 
slice, of Philadelphia, was the Assistant Adju- 



J. 8 2 GETTYSBURG. 

tant-General of the department, and very active 
in the promotion of the Order at the time. 

The scope and possibility of the Memorial 
Association attracted his attention, as did the 
apparent apathy or inactivity of those control- 
ling it. After inquiring into the status of the 
Association and examining the act of incorpo- 
ration, he determined upon having the Grand 
Army of the Republic assume control and 
direction of it. Circulars were issued to the 
Posts and letters were written to personal 
friends throughout the State. 

General Strong Vincent Post, No. 67, of 
Erie, Pennsylvania, had during the encampment 
erected upon Little Round Top a tablet to 
mark the spot where General Vincent was killed, 
which was the first memorial of any kind erected 
upon the battle-field outside of the cemetery; 
and Colonel Fred. Taylor Post, No. 19, of Phila- 
delphia, had placed a small tablet to mark the 
spot where Colonel Taylor fell while leading 
the Bucktail Rifle Regiment in front of Round 
Top. 

During the summer of 1879 the 2d Massa- 
chusetts Infantry placed a bronze tablet upon a 
large rock on the edge of Spangler's meadow, 
with an inscription reciting the facts connected 
with the historic charge of that regiment across 
the meadow. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 1 83 

Before the annual election in 1880, about one 
hundred shares of stock had been purchased by- 
Posts of the Grand Army and individuals in 
sympathy with it. Just prior to the election, 
proxies were procured from these stockholders, 
constituting as they did a majority, and sent to 
Major Robert Bell, of Gettysburg, with the 
suggestion to have a board of directors elected 
in which members of the Grand Army of the 
Republic should predominate. 

At the meeting of the stockholders held June 
21, 1 880, the following Board was elected : 
President, ex officio, Governor Henry M. Hoyt ; 
Vice-President, Robert G. McCreary ; Directors, 
General W. S. Hancock, General S. W. Craw- 
ford, General Louis Wagner, John M. Vander- 
slice, Major Chill W. Hazzard, Captain John 
Taylor, Colonel C. H. Buehler, Major Robert 
Bell, N. G. Wilson, J. L. Schick, Dr. Charles 
Horner, and John M. Krauth. 

The Association now commenced its career of 
active and effective work. The grounds of the 
Association at that time embraced only the pieces 
of ground upon Culp's Hill, East Cemetery Hill, 
and Little Round Top before alluded to. 

This summer, during the encampment of the 
Grand Army, General Zook Post, No. 11, of 
Norristown, Pennsylvania, erected a shaft to 
mark the spot where General Zook fell in the 



1 84 GETTYSBURG. 

Wheat-Field, the marble being taken from the 
farm of the general's father, near Norristown. 
The 9 1 st Pennsylvania Infantry also put up a 
monument on Little Round Top, being the first 
regimental monument erected after the tablet of 
the 2d Massachusetts. 

The Grand Army of Pennsylvania encamped 
upon the field for a week each summer from 
1880 to 1894, except in 1884 and 1891. 

In 1 88 1 there was an appropriation of $10,000 
by the State of Pennsylvania. 

At the meeting, July 28, 1881, it was deter- 
mined to open an avenue along the line of battle 
from the Taneytown Road to Little Round Top, 
the avenue to be sixty feet wide, except where 
necessary to embrace important points, where 
the width was to be three hundred feet. 

During the year, Posts and members of the 
Grand Army of the several States commenced 
to manifest an active interest and desire to 
aid the Association. Several regimental monu- 
ments were erected, notably those of the 14th 
Brooklyn, 124th New York, 17th Connecticut, 
90th and 88th Pennsylvania Infantry. 

At a meeting held June 2, 1882, arrangements 
were made for the reception of a delegation of 
Confederate soldiers, who visited the field for 
the purpose of locating the position of several 
commands. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. I 85 

July 27, 1882, it was resolved to purchase 
the Wheat-Field ; also the balance of the ground 
on Little Round Top, and to construct an ave- 
nue from East Cemetery Hill, by way of Culp's 
Hill, to the extreme right of the position occu- 
pied by the Twelfth Corps. 

At the meeting, August 28, 1883, it was re- 
solved that the memorials to be erected upon 
the battle-field should be submitted to the 
Board of Directors for their approval of the 
historical accuracy of the inscription. 

During this year an appropriation of $5000 
was received from the State of Massachusetts. 
The positions of all the Massachusetts com- 
mands were located, and it was decided to pur- 
chase the ground necessary for the erection of 
monuments, for each of which the State had 
made an appropriation of $500. This was the 
first State to appropriate money for the erection 
of monuments upon this field. 

May 15, 1884, a communication having been 
received from the survivors of the 3d Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry, informing the Association of 
their intention to erect a monumental shaft, 
with suitable inscriptions, upon the field on 
which Gregg's cavalry division fought, it was 
decided to purchase the necessary ground, with 
the right of access thereto. 

At the meeting of the Board held October, 



I S6 GETTYSBURG. 

1884, a committee of three, to be known as the 
Committee on Legislation, was appointed, its 
duty being to correspond with the officials and 
Legislatures of the several States, urging ap- 
propriations, and to adopt other measures to 
awaken more general interest, especially among 
soldiers, in the work of the Association. 

At this meeting it was decided to open an 
avenue from Oak Ridge, by way of Reynolds's 
Grove, to the extreme left of the First Corps 
line of battle. 

The Superintendent of Tablets and Legends 
was instructed to require each organization in- 
tending to erect a monument or tablet on the 
field to have a suitable inscription thereon, 
showing its historical relation to the battle as to 
time and service. 

The Executive Committee was instructed to 
purchase all the lands necessary for all the pro- 
posed avenues, and also the two small fields 
south of East Cemetery Hill. 

Corporal Skelly Post, No. 9, of Gettysburg, 
was granted permission to erect a memorial 
shaft on the spot where General Reynolds fell, 
the State of Pennsylvania having appropriated 
$1000 to the Post for that purpose. 

Permission was granted the 2d Maryland 
Confederate Infantry to erect a monument to 
indicate its position on the field, subject to the 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 1 87 

rule of the Association in regard to historical 
accuracy and inscription. 

At a meeting held September 22, 1886, it 
was decided to open an avenue along the 
Eleventh Corps line of battle. 

At the meeting on February 25, 1887, the 
Board, after careful and mature consideration, 
took the following action : 

" Resolved, That no monument or memorial constructed 
of other material than real bronze or granite shall be per- 
mitted on the grounds of the Association. ' ' 

Colonel Bachelder was requested to prepare 
and submit to the Association an appropriate 
design for a tablet descriptive of the engage- 
ment and movements of all the commands en- 
gaged in the assault of July 3, by Pickett's, 
Pettigrew's, and Trimble's Confederate com- 
mands, upon the line held by the Second Federal 
Corps. 

The Superintendent of Tablets was instructed 
to require the list of casualties in monumental 
inscriptions to be in conformity with the official 
records of the battle, as they appear in the 
office of the Adjutant-General U.S.A. 

The Secretary of War was respectfully re- 
quested to furnish the Association with an offi- 
cial statement of the number of troops, by 
separate commands, that were reported present 



1 88 GETTYSBURG. 

for duty in the battle of Gettysburg, July i, 2, 
and 3. 

It was decided to open an avenue from between 
the two Round Tops to the extreme left of the 
line held by Russell's brigade of the Sixth 
Corps. 

At a meeting, May 5, 1887, it was resolved 
that hereafter regiments erecting monuments 
on the ground of the Association would be 
required to locate and place them in the posi- 
tion held by the regiment in the line of battle, 
but that they would not be prohibited from 
erecting such markers on the field, to indicate 
secondary or advanced positions, as the Asso- 
ciation might determine. 

At this meeting a committee appeared before 
the Board and requested permission to erect 
the monument of Pickett's division where Gen- 
eral Armistead fell. It was suggested to this 
committee that, as the granting of their appli- 
cation would be in violation of the rule requiring 
all monuments to be on the line of battle, the 
proposed monument should be erected on the 
avenue to be opened along the Confederate 
line, and that a marker be placed to indicate 
the spot where General Armistead fell. The 
committee replied that they were not authorized 
to act, and would submit the proposition to their 
Association. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 1 89 

At a meeting, July 12, 1887, the Committee 
on Purchase of Land was authorized to pur- 
chase the house used as head-quarters by 
Major-General George G. Meade, with the 
land connected therewith. 

The superintendents of Grounds and of Tab- 
lets and Legends were instructed to mark with 
suitable and durable tablets the flanks of each 
division. 

The . Committee on Location was authorized 
to mark with a suitable tablet the spot where 
General Armistead of the Confederate army fell 
mortally wounded while leading the assault of 
July 3, 1863. 

This committee was also directed to remove 
monuments on the ground of the Association 
to their proper position in line, wherever said 
removal was practicable. 

September 16, 1887, Colonel John B. Bachel- 
der tendered his resignation as Superintendent 
of Tablets and Legends, and J. M. Vanderslice, 
Esq., of Philadelphia, was selected to fill the 
position. 

At a meeting on November 4, 1887, the fol- 
lowing- names were selected for avenues : that 
on Culp's Hill to be called Slocum Avenue ; 
from the Taney town Road to Weikert's House, 
Hancock ; from Weikert's House to the road 
north of Little Round Top, Sedgwick ; from 



I9O GETTYSBURG. 

Round Top to Devil's Den, Sykes ; from 
Devil's Den to the Wheat-Field, Sickles ; from 
the Fairfield Road to the Mummasburg Pike, 
Reynolds ; from the Mummasburg Pike to the 
Harrisburg Road, Howard ; from the head- 
quarters of General Meade to Hancock Avenue, 
Meade. 

The following rules and regulations were 
adopted by the Executive Committee, and 
unanimously ratified at a subsequent meeting 
of the Board on July 3 : 

" 1. All persons are forbidden, under the penalty of the 
law, to place, change, or remove any stake or marker on the 
grounds under the control of the Memorial Association 
without the knowledge and consent of the Superintendent 
of Grounds. 

"2. Any one who shall construct any foundation for, or 
erect any monument or memorial upon the grounds of the 
Association before the Superintendent of Grounds shall 
have designated the place and given a permit, will be re- 
garded as a trespasser and be amenable to the severe penal- 
ties provided for in the charter of the Association. 

" 3. The Superintendent shall not permit the erection of 
any monument or memorial until its location and the in- 
scription to be placed thereon shall have been approved 
by the proper committee of the Association. 

" 4. All monuments or memorials hereafter erected must 
be of granite or real bronze. 

"5. On the front of each monument must be the num- 
ber of the regiment or battery, State, brigade, division, 
and corps, in letters not less than four inches long, and, 
in addition thereto, the time the regiment held the posi- 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. I9I 

tion, and a brief statement of any important movement it 
made. 

" If the regiment was actively engaged, its effective strength 
and casualties must be given, which must agree with the 
official records of the War Department. If it was in re- 
serve it should be so stated. 

" If the same position was held by other troops, or if the 
command occupied more than one important position, the 
inscription should explain it. 

" All lettering must be deeply and distinctly cut. 

" Any statue or figure of a soldier must be so placed as to 
face the enemy's line. 

" 6. The monument must be on the line of battle held by 
the brigade unless the regiment was detached, and, if pos- 
sible, the right and left flanks of the regiment or battery 
must be marked with stones not less than two feet in 
height. 

"If the same line was held by other troops, the monuments 
must be placed in the order in which the several commands 
occupied the grounds, the first being on the first line, the 
second at least twenty feet in the rear of it, and so on, the 
inscriptions explaining the movements. 

" 7. Where practicable, ground must be filled in to the 
top of the foundation and well and neatly sodded. 

" 8. Two copies of the inscription must be sent to the Sec- 
retary of the Association, one to be returned approved and 
the other to be placed on file with the Secretary, and they 
should be distinct from other written matter. 

" RECOMMENDATIONS. 

"As the memorials erected upon this field will not only 
mark the positions held by the several commands, but will 
also be regimental or battery monuments, and in most in- 
stances the only ones ever erected by them, the Memorial 
Association strongly recommends that the inscription be 



I92 GETTYSBURG. 

not only historically accurate, but be sufficient in detail to 
give an idea of the services of the command. This may 
add slightly to the cost, but it will add much more to the 
completeness of the monument. 

" In the years to come, when the identity of the regiment 
shall have been merged in the history of the battle, the 
visitor to this great battle-field will be interested to know 
just where the troops from his city or county fought, and 
to learn something of the services rendered by them. 

" It is therefore recommended that upon one side of the 
monument should be stated the part of the State from 
which the regiment was recruited, dates of muster in and 
muster out, total strength and losses during its service, and 
the battles in which it participated. 

" SUGGESTIONS. 

"It is the desire and determination of the Gettysburg 
Battle-field Memorial Association to secure the greatest 
possible historical accuracy for the legends of the monu- 
ments erected on the field. 

" It has been decided by the Board of Directors to adopt 
the official records of the battle, recently compiled at the 
Adjutant- General's office, as to the strength and casualties 
of the several commands in the battle, believing that the 
historical data thus secured would generally be more accu- 
rate than that which individuals could furnish. 

" The War Department record may not be absolutely cor- 
rect, — men reported wounded afterwards died, others re- 
ported missing were afterwards found to be wounded or 
killed, — but it has been found necessary at the Adjutant- 
General's office to establish a limit, and that limit is the 
official return. 

" There is nothing in this rule, however, to prevent monu- 
ment committees from having the record of their commands 
revised at the War Department, and any changes furnished 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. IQ3 

officially from the Adjutant-General's office will be cheer- 
fully adopted by the Association. Or if it is known that a 
soldier reported wounded afterwards died of his wounds, 
or one who was reported " missing" is known to have been 
killed, a corresponding revision may be made in the in- 
scription and the name added to a list designated "killed 
or mortally wounded." Or if wounded only, the name 
may be changed from the list of missing to the list of 
wounded, but the aggregate must remain unchanged and 
a report of the case must be submitted with the inscription. 

" If monument committees add names of other battles, 
they must assume the responsibility of their accuracy, and 
the official name of the battle adopted at the War Depart- 
ment must be given. Such list it is desirable should be pre- 
ceded by the date of the muster in and followed by the 
date of the muster out of the regiment. 

'• Deep and solid foundations are of the utmost impor- 
tance. A strata of rock comes very near the surface on 
many parts of the field. Where it does not, a few dollars 
additional will secure a permanent and satisfactory foun- 
dation. A (ew dollars saved from the foundation may 
jeopardize the entire structure. 

" The flank stones placed with the number of the regi- 
ment cut on the faces nearest the monument will readily 
determine the alignment. 

" Permanence and durability in lettering should be the 
aim. Whether the letter is sunk or raised, it should be 
deep and sharp, that it may be easily read, and particularly 
that it may withstand the ravages of time. 

" Each monument should stand high enough to secure 
ready drainage. No more proper setting or finish can be 
given it than a carpet of good sod, well enriched. The 
pleasing effect of a beautiful monument may be entirely 
neutralized by untidy surroundings, and if not put in order 
at first it will seldom be done afterwards." 

'3 



194 GETTYSBURG. 

The superintendent was authorized, in addi- 
tion to marking the flanks of the divisions, to 
place, at the intersection of all driveways and 
avenues, index boards stating the troops occu- 
pying the respective lines. 

On July 27, 1888, it was decided to plant 125 
trees on the denuded portion of Zeigler's Grove, 
in order to restore it as nearly as possible to the 
condition in which it was during the battle. 

At a meeting, May 10, 1891, Colonel Bach- 
elder submitted the plan for the High-Water- 
Mark tablet, to be erected at the " copse of 
trees," which was approved. 

At a meeting of the full Board, on October 3, 
1894, the committee previously appointed re- 
ported in favor of transferring the 600 acres of 
land owned by the Association, with 17 miles 
of avenue constructed thereon, giving access to 
320 monuments which had been erected by the 
various States and regimental associations, to 
the United States government, and the Execu- 
tive Committee was authorized to communicate 
with the stockholders and secure their written 
consent to the transfer. 

At a meeting held May 22, 1895, resolutions 
were passed instructing the officers to execute, 
under the corporate seal, good and sufficient 
deeds of conveyance to the United States 
government of all lands owned by the Associa- 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 1 95 

tion, and of rights of way and easements be- 
longing to it or in any way connected with or 
pertaining to such lands. 

The Legislature of Pennsylvania, then in 
session, was respectfully requested to pass and 
the governor to approve the Act vesting in the 
United States government joint jurisdiction with 
the Commonwealth over such lands as may be 
necessary for a National Park at Gettysburg. 

General Sickles moved that a history of the 
Association be published, which motion was 
adopted. 

This was the last meeting held by the Board 
of Directors. 



I96 GETTYSBURG. 



DIRECTORS OF THE GETTYSBURG MEMORIAL 
BATTLE-FIELD ASSOCIATION, 1 872-1 880. 

General John W. Geary, Governor of Pennsylvania, Presi- 
dent, deceased 1872 

David McConaughy, Gettysburg, Vice-President .... 1872-1879 

Henry C. Carey, Esq., Philadelphia, deceased 1872-1879 

General J. Watts De Peyster, New York 1872-1879 

Wm. M. Hirsh, Gettysburg, deceased 1872-1879 

Hon. A. D. Heister, Pennsylvania, deceased ...... 1872-1874 

Joel B. Danner, Gettysburg, deceased 1872-1874 

George Arnold, Gettysburg, deceased 1872-1879 

Alexander D. Buehler, Gettysburg 1872-1879 

Charles Horner, M.D., Gettysburg, deceased 1872-1879 

J. Lawrence Schick, Esq., Gettysburg 1872-1879 

John M. Krauth, Esq., Gettysburg, deceased 1872-1879 

Edward Souder, Gettysburg, deceased 1872-1873 

H. N. McAllister, Esq., Gettysburg, deceased 1872 

General Charles K. Graham, New York, deceased . . . 1873-1879 
General John F. Hartranft, Governor of Pennsylvania, 

President, deceased 1873- 1878 

General Alexander S. Webb, New York 1873- 1879 

General Horatio G. Sickel, Pennsylvania, deceased . . . 1874-1879 

Hon. Edward McPherson, Gettysburg, deceased . . . -. 1875 

R. G. McCreary, Esq., Gettysburg, deceased 1876-1879 

There was no meeting of the Board from 
1874 to 1879. 

DIRECTORS FROM THE REORGANIZATION IN 

1880. 

General Henry M. Hoyt, Governor of Pennsylvania, 

President, deceased 1879-1882 

R. G. McCreary, Esq., Gettysburg, Vice-President, de- 
ceased 1880-1883 

John M. Krauth, Esq., Gettysburg, Secretary from 1872 to 

time of decease in 1890 1880-1887 



battle-field memorial association. 197 

General W. S. Hancock, Pennsylvania, deceased .... 1S80-18S4 

General S. W. Crawford, Pennsylvania, deceased .... 1880-1892 

General Louis Wagner, Philadelphia 1880-1896 

John M. Vanderslice, Esq., Philadelphia . . 1880-1882, 1884-1896 

Major Chill W. Hazzard, Pennsylvania . . . 1880-1882, 1884-1896 

Captain John Taylor, Philadelphia, deceased 1880-1884 

Colonel Chas. H. Buehler, Gettysburg, Vice-President 

from 1887 to 1896, deceased 1880-1896 

J. L. Schick, Treasurer from 1880 to 1896 1880-1896 

Major Robert Bell, Gettysburg 1880- 1886 

Charles Horner, M.D., Gettysburg 1880-1887 

N. G. Wilson, Gettysburg, Superintendent of Grounds, 

1880 to 1894 1880-1886 

John B. Bachelder, Massachusetts, deceased . 1880-1881, 1883-1894 
Robert E. Pattison, Governor of Pennsylvania, President 

1883-1886, 1891-1894 

General Joshua L. Chamberlain, Maine 1883 

General John C. Robinson, New York, deceased .... 1883 

General George Stannard, Vermont, deceased 1883 

William S. Holtzworth, Gettysburg, deceased 1884-1888 

D. A. Buehler, Gettysburg, Vice-President, deceased . . 1883-1887 

Colonel Eli G. Sellers, Philadelphia 1885 

Colonel W. W. Dudley, Indiana 1885 

General Henry A. Barnum, New York, deceased .... 1885-1891 

Colonel Frank D. Sloat, Connecticut 1885-1896 

Colonel Elisha H. Rhodes, Rhode Island 1885-1887 

General Byron R. Pierce, Michigan, deceased 1885-1887 

John C. Linehan, New Hampshire 1885-1896 

Colonel Charles L. Young, Ohio 1885- 1896 

Colonel Silas Colgrove, Indiana 1886-1SS7 

General Lucius Fairchild, Wisconsin, deceased 1886-1896 

General James A. Beaver, Governor of Pennsylvania, 

President . . . • 1887-1890 

Captain Wm. E. Miller, Pennsylvania 1887-1892 

Calvin Hamilton, Gettysburg, Secretary from 1890 to 1896 1887-1890 

Captain H. W. McKnight, D.D., Gettysburg 1887-1896 

Captain John P. Rea, Minnesota 1888 

Colonel Wheelock G. Veazey, Vermont 1888-1896 

Colonel George C. Briggs, Michigan 1888-1896 

William A. Kitzmiller, Gettysburg 1888- 1896 






I98 GETTYSBURG. 

Hon. S. Mc. Swope, Gettysburg 1888-1896 

Hon. Edward McPherson, Gettysburg, deceased .... 1889-1896 

General Henry W. Slocum, New York, deceased .... 1889-1894 

General Daniel E. Sickles, New York 1 892-1 896 

General Joseph B. Carr, New York, deceased 1892- 1893 

C. E. Goldsborough, M.D., Gettysburg 1892-1896 

General David McM. Gregg, Pennsylvania 1893-1896 

General Alexander S. Webb, New York 1893-1896 

General Daniel S. Hastings, Governor of Pennsylvania, 

President 1895-1896 

Colonel John P. Nicholson, Philadelphia 1895-1896 

General George S. Greene, New York 1895-1896 

During the existence of the Association, from 
1864 until 1895, it received, — 

From the sale of certificates of stock . . . $9,875.59 

From various States by appropriation . . . 96,490.00 

From the officers and men at Fort Snelling 125.00 

From the survivors of Cushing's battery . 25.00 

From the 2d Maryland Confederate Infantry 60.00 

Making a total of $106,575.59 

All of this sum was expended in the purchase, 
restoration, improvement, and maintenance of 
the grounds. Less than $10,000 was spent in 
salaries and like expenses ; the only salary 
being that of $1000 per annum for the last 
few years to the Superintendent, and the sal- 
ary of $100 per annum to the secretary, ex- 
cept for three years when he received $400 per 
annum. 

In addition to about 600 acres of land, em- 
bracing the most important parts of the battle- 



battle-field memorial association. 199 

field, and the construction of 1 7 miles of avenues 
and drive-ways, the Association induced and 
supervised the erection of 320 monuments. 

Every one of the 313 volunteer regiments 
and batteries of the Federal army, except the 
three of West Virginia, has its position upon 
the field marked by a monument or memorial, 
and several of the regiments have second 
positions also marked. 

The visitor to the field is impressed by the 
originality, uniqueness, and suggestiveness of 
many of these memorials, nearly all of which 
are of granite and bronze, and, notwithstand- 
ing the large number of monuments, there are 
only four or five instances of duplication of 
style. 

It should be borne in mind that, in addition 
to the aid received from the several States in 
appropriations for the erection of monuments, 
the Survivors' Associations of many of the 
regiments supplemented by liberal contribu- 
tions the amount appropriated, and there are 
a large number of regimental monuments upon 
the field costing- from three thousand to five 
thousand dollars each, and several costing 
much more. 



200 



GETTYSBURG. 



HOW THE STATES WERE REPRESENTED UPON 
THE FIELD, AND WHAT THEY HAVE DONE 
TO MARK IT. 

The manner in which each of the States was 
represented in the battle, as indicated by its 
regiments and batteries with their losses, and 
by the general officers from the State, is shown 
upon the following pages, as is also what each 
State has done, through appropriations to the 
Association, and for the erection of substantial 
monuments, permanently marking the positions 
of its regiments and batteries in the battle. 



Regiment. 
1st Cav. 
3d Inf. 
4th Inf. 
5th Inf. 1 
6th Inf. 1 
7th Inf. 1 
loth Inf. 2 
1 6th Inf. 
17th Inf. 
19th Inf. 
20th Inf. 



Brigade. 
3d, Gregg. 
2d, Ward. 
2d, Ward. 
2d, Bartlett. 
3d, Russell. 
3d, Neill. 



MAINE. 
Division. 
2d, Gregg. 
1st, Birney. 
1st, Birney. 
3d, Wheaton. 
1st, Wright. 
2d, Howe. 



Corps. 
Cavalry. 
Third. 
Third. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 



5 

77 
70 



1st, Paul. 2d, Robinson. 

3d, De Trobriand. 1st, Birney. 
1st, Harrow. 2d, Gibbon. 

3d, Vincent. 1st, Barnes, 



First. 68 

Third. 130 

Second. 195 

Fifth. 120 



45 
74 



164 
3 
4 
5 



1 Not engaged. a Three compaines at Twelfth Corps head-quarters. 



Batteries. 

P Killed and Miss- 

*? ' wounded, ing. 

Hall's 2d Light First. 18 . . 

Stevens's 5th Light First. 16 7 

Dow^s 6th Light Artillery Reserve. 15 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 201 

General Officers. 

General Oliver O. Howard, Commander of the Eleventh Corps. 

General John C. Caldwell, Commander of the First Division, Second 
Corps. (Born in Vermont.) 

General Albion P. Howe, Commander of the Second Division, Sixth 
Corps. 

General Adelbert Ames, Commander of the First Division, Eleventh 
Corps (after wounding of General Barlow). 

General Freeman McGilvery, Commander Reserve Artillery. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$30>30C.- 

The monuments of this State are all of a sub- 
stantial character. That of the 1 7th Maine, in 
the Wheat-Field, is the costliest monument 
of the State, and is one of the most massive 
upon the field, being built of the finest granite. 
It represents a soldier kneeling in a wheat-field 
and firing- over a stone wall. 

That of the 1 9th Maine, on Cemetery Ridge, 
near the "copse of trees," while without any 
ornamentation, is also of an imposing character. 

NEW HAMPSPHIRE. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 




Division. Corps. 


tvuiea ana 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


2d. 


3d, Burling. 




2d, Humphreys. Third. 


157 


36 


5th. 


1st, Cross. 




1st, Caldwell. Second. 


80 


. . 


1 2th. 


1st, Carr. 




2d, Humphreys. Third. 


8i 


II 


Edgell's. 


1st, Light Battery. 


Artillery 












Reserve 


3 


. . 






General Officer. 






Colonel 


Edward E. 


Cross, 


Commander of the First 


Brigade, 


First 


Division, 


Second Corps 


(killed.) 







202 



GETTYSBURG. 



The State appropriations for monuments were 
$4500. 

That of the 5th regiment, erected upon the 
spot where its brigade commander and former 
colonel, General Cross, was killed, is in the edge 
of the woods near the Wheat-Field, and is of 
rather unique character, being a cairn. 



Regiment. 
1st Cav. 
2d Inf. 1 
3d Inf. 1 
4th Inf. 1 
5th Inf. 1 
6th Inf. 1 
1 2th Inf. 1 
13th Inf. 
14th Inf. 
15th Inf. 1 
1 6th Inf. 



Brigade. 
1st, Farnsworth. 
2d, Grant. 
2d, Grant. 
2d, Grant. 
2d, Grant. 
2d, Grant. 
3d, Stannard. 
3d, Stannard. 
3d, Stannard. 
3d, Stannard. 
3d, Stannard. 



VERMONT. 

Division. 
3d, Kilpatrick. 
2d, Howe. 
2d, Howe. 
2d, Howe. 
2d, Howe. 
2d, Howe. 



Corp*. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 

Cavalry. 38 



Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 



3d, Doubleday. First. 
3d, Doubleday. First. 
3d, Doubleday. First. 
3d, Doubleday. First. 
3d, Doubleday. First. 



"3 
86 

118 



1 Not engaged. 



27 



General Officers. 

General George J. Stannard, Commander of the Third Brigade, 
Third Division, First Corps. 

Colonel Hannibal Day, Commander of the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Fifth Corps. 

General L. A. Grant, Commander of the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Sixth Corps. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 

$I7>953- 

This State had the advantage of having its 

ten regiments of infantry in two Vermont bri- 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 20^ 

gades, as it was thus enabled to consolidate the 
appropriations in the erection of two monu- 
ments. 

That of Stannard's brigade, of the First 
Corps, on Cemetery Ridge, is a pure classi- 
cal, Corinthian column, surmounted by a bronze 
statue of General Stannard. Upon the face of 
the pedestal is the inscription referring to each 
of the regiments. 

That of Grant's First Vermont Brigade, 
which was stationed in the rear of Bier Round 
Top in expectation of an attack upon that flank, 
represents a lion looking towards the front, but 
aroused, as if listening to the battle raging along 
the line of the Second Corps. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 




Division. 


Corps. 


1st Cav. 1 


1st, Mcintosh. 


2d, 


Gregg. 


Cavalry. 


1st Inf. 


1st, Carr. 


2d, 


Humphreys. 


Third. 


2d Inf. 


3d, Colgrove. 


ISt 


, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


7th Inf. 1 


2d, Eustis. 


3d, 


Wheaton. 


Sixth. 


9th Inf. 1 


2d, Sweitzer. 


ISt 


, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


ioth Inf. 1 


2d, Eustis. 


3d, 


Wheaton. 


Sixth. 


nth Inf. 


1st, Carr. 


2d, 


Humphreys 


. Third. 


1 2th Inf. 


2d, Baxter. 


2d, 


Robinson. 


First. 


13th Inf. 


1st, Paul. 


2d, 


Robinson. 


First. 


15th Inf. 


1st, Harrow. 


2d, 


Gibbon. 


Second. 


1 6th Inf. 


1st, Carr. 


2d, 


Humphreys 


. Third. 


1 8th Inf. 


1st, Tilton. 


ISt, 


, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


19th Inf. 


3d, Hall. 


2d, 


Gibbon. 


Second. 


1 Not Engaged. 





Killed and 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


99 


21 


132 


4 


6 




119 


10 


57 


62 


84 


IOI 


120 


28 


68 


13 


24 


3 


70 


7 



204 



GETTYSBURG. 



Massachusetts — Continued. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 




Division. 


Corps. 


20th Inf. 


3d, Hall. 


2d, 


Gibbon. 


Second. 


22d Inf. 


1st, Tilton. 


ISt, 


, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


28th Inf. 


2d, Kelly. 


ISt 


, Caldwell. 


Second. 


32d Inf 


2d, Sweitzer. 


ISt. 


1 Barnes. 


Fifth. 


33d Inf. 


2d, Smith. 


2d, 


Steinwehr. 


Eleventh. 


37th Inf. 


2d, Eustis. 


3d, 


Wheaton. 


Sixth. 



Killed and Miss- 


wounded. 


ing. 


I24 


3 


SO 


I 


65 


35 


75 


5 


• 45 




28 


iq 



Batteries. 

Corns Killed and Miss- 
™ ' wounded, ing. 

Walcott's 3d Light (C) Fifth. 6 . . 

McCartney's 1st Light (A) > Sixth. 

Phillips's 5th Light (E) Artillery Reserve. 21 . . 

Bigelow's 9th Light Artillery Reserve. 26 2 



1 Not Engaged. 



General Officers. 



General James Barnes, Commander of the First Division, Fifth 
Corps. 

Colonel William S. Tilton, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, Fifth Corps. 

Colonel Sidney Burbank, Commander of the Second Brigade, Second 
Division, Fifth Corps. 

Colonel Henry L. Eustis, Commander of the Second Brigade, Third 
Division, Sixth Corps. 



The State appropriations for monuments were 
$30,000. 

The monument of the ist Massachusetts, on 
the Emmittsburg Road, is one of the finest 
upon the field. It cost about $3000, and is a 
huge granite diamond, weighing 18 or 20 tons, 
and upon its face is a well-cut figure of a sol- 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 205 

dier upon the skirmish line, firing over a rail 
fence. 

That of the 13th Regiment, upon the First 
Corps line on Oak Hill, is surmounted by a 
granite soldier, advancing with his flag un- 
furled, representing the youthful color-bearer of 
the regiment who was killed on the spot. 

That of the 12th (Webster) Regiment, in 
the same locality, is a large granite Minie-ball 
partially wrapped in the flag. Upon its base is 
a medallion likeness of Daniel Webster. 

Those of Eustis's brigade, — 7th, 10th, and 
37th Regiments, — on the avenue east of Round 
Top, are of beautiful design and finish. 

The monuments of this State, being among 
the first erected upon the field, do not contain 
as full inscriptions as those that were erected 
subsequently. 

The monument of the 20th Massachusetts, 
which lost so heavily near the "copse of trees" 
on the 3d, is a large "pudding-stone," brought 
from Roxbury, where the regiment was re- 
cruited, and which was a landmark on the play- 
ground of the town. It was taken to Gettys- 
burg to mark the spot where the soldiers who 
had once played around it fought so gallantly, 
yet there is nothing in the inscription to convey 
the beautiful sentiment intended to be expressed 
by this simple memorial. 



206 GETTYSBURG. 

All of the Massachusetts monuments are 
of tasteful and appropriate design and well 
constructed. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. ^j^^ IS 

2d Inf. 2d, Eustis. 3d, Wheaton. Sixth. 6 I 

Batteries. 

P Killed and Miss- 

™ ' wounded, ing. 

Arnold's 1st Light (A) Second. 31 1 

Brown's 1st Light (B) Second. 26 1 

Randolph's, or Bucklyn's, 1st Light (E) . . Third. 29 1 

Waterman's 1 1st Light (C) Sixth. 

Adams's 1 1st Light (G) Sixth. 

1 Not engaged. 

General Officer. 
General Frank Wheaton, Commander of the Third Division, Sixth 
Corps. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$3400. 

This State had but one regiment in the battle, 
and it was not actively engaged, but its three 
batteries — Arnold's, Brown's, and Randolph's 
— took a most prominent part in the battle. 
The monuments are all characteristic. 





CONNECTICUT. 








Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Killed and 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


5th Inf. 


1st, McDougall. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


2 


5 


14th Inf. 


2d, Smyth. 


2d, Hays. 


Second. 


62 


4 


17th Inf. 


2d, Ames. 


1st, Barlow. 


Eleventh 


IOI 


96 


20th Inf. 


1st, McDougall. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


27 


1 


27th Inf. 1 


4th, Brooke. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second, 


33 


4 


1 Four companies. 











BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 207 
Batteries. 

Co Killed and Miss- 

™ ' wounded, ing. 

Sterling's 2d Light Artillery Reserve. 3 2 

Brooker's 1st Heavy B. S. 1 . . . . Artillery Reserve 

Pratt's 1st Heavy M. E. 1 Artillery Reserve 

1 Not engaged. 

General Officers. 
General John Sedgwick, Commander of the Sixth Corps. 
General Horatio G. Wright, Commander of the First Division, Sixth 
Corps. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$5700. 

The monuments of this State, while substan- 
tial, are rather plain, except that of the 17th 
Regiment, on Barlow's knoll, upon the extreme 
right of the Eleventh Corps line. It was 
erected for the most part by private contri- 
butions, and upon it are cut the names of all 
those of the regiment who fell in the battle. 







NEW YORK. 








Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Rilled and 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


2d Cav. 1 


2d, Huey. 


2d, Gregg. 


Cavalry. 






4th Cav. 1 


2d, Huey. 


2d, Gregg. 


Cavalry. 






5th Cav. 


1st, Famsworth 


. 3d, Kilpatrick. 


Cavalry. 


2 


4 


6th Cav. 


2d, Devin. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


5 


8 


8th Cav. 


1st, Gamble. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


24 


16 


9th Cav. 


2d, Devin. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


4 


7 


loth Cav. 


3d, Gregg. 


2d, Gregg. 


Cavalry. 


6 


3 


10th Inf. 2 


2d, Smyth. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


I 




14th Inf. 3 


2d, Cutler. 


1st, Wadsworth, 


First. 


Il8 


99 


20th Inf. 


1st, Biddle. 


3d, Doubleday. First. 146 
companies, 3 Brooklyn Zuuaves. 


24 


1 Not engaged. s F°U r 





208 



GETTYSBURG. 



new york — Continued. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corns Killed an< l 
™ ' wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


33* Inf. 1 


3d, Neill. 


2d, Howe. 


Sixth. 




. . 


39th Inf. 


3d, Willard. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


95 


. . 


40th Inf. 2 


3d, De Trobriand 


. 1st, Birney. 


Third. 


143 


7 


41st Inf. 


1st, Von Gilsa. 


1st, Barlow. 


Eleventh. 


73 


2 


42d Inf. 


3d, Hall. 


2d, Gibbon. 


Second. 


70 


4 


43d Inf. 1 


3d, Neill. 


2d, Howe. 


Sixth. 


4 


1 


44th Inf. 


3d, Vincent. 


1st, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


108 


3 


45th Inf. 


1st, Von Amsberg. 3d, Schurz. 


Eleventh. 


54 


48 


49th Inf. 1 


3d, Neill. 


2d, Howe. 


Sixth. 






5 2d Inf. 


3d, Zook. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


28 


10 


54th Inf. 


1st, Von Gilsa. 


1st, Barlow. 


Eleventh. 


54 


48 


57th Inf. 


3d, Zook. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


32 


2 


58th Inf. 


2d, Krzyzanowsk 


i. 3d, Schimmel- 
fennig. 


Eleventh. 


17 


3 


59th Inf. s 


3d, Hall. 


2d, Gibbon. 


Second. 


34 


. 


60th Inf. 


3d, Greene. 


2d, Geary. 


Twelfth. 


52 


. . 


6lst Inf. 


4th, Cross. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


62 


. . 


62d Inf. 


3d, Nevin. 


3d, Wheaton. 


Sixth. 


12 


. . 


63d Inf. i 


2d, Kelly. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


15 


8 


64th Inf. 


4th, Brooke. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


79 


19 


65th Inf. 


1st, Shaler. 


3d, Wheaton. 


Sixth. 


9 




66th Inf. 


3d, Zook. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


34 


10 


67th Inf. 


1st, Shaler. 


3d, Wheaton. 


Sixth. 




1 


68th Inf. 


1st, Von Gilsa. 


1st, Barlow. 


Eleventh. 


7i 


67 


69th Inf.* 


2d, Kelly. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


19 


6 


70th Inf. 6 * 


2d, Brewster. 


2d, Humphreys. 


Third. 


"3 


4 


71st Inf. 5 f 


2d, Brewster. 


2d, Humphreys. 


Third. 


178 


13 


7 2d Inf. 5 J 


2d, Brewster. 


2d, Humphreys. 


Third. 


86 


28 


73d Inf. 5 || 


2d, Brewster. 


2d, Humphreys, 


Third. 


154 


8 


74th Inf. 5 ? 


2d, Brewster. 


2d, Humphreys. 




86 


3 


76th Inf. 


2d, Cutler. 


1st, Wadsworth. 


First. 


164 


70 


77th Inf. 1 


3d, Neill. 


2d, Howe. 


Sixth. 


• • 


• • 



1 Not engaged. 

2 Mozart Regiment, recruited in New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. 

3 Four companies. 

4 Two companies. 

!> * First, f Second, | Third, || Fourth, and § Fifth Excelsior. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 209 



new york — Continued. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. Killedand 
* wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


78th Inf. 


3d, Greene. 


2d, Geary. 


Twelfth. 


27 


3 


82d Inf. 


1st, Harrow. 


2d, Gibbon. 


Second. 


177 


15 


83d Inf. 


2d, Baxter. 


2d, Robinson. 


First. 


24 


58 


86th Inf. 


2d, Ward. 


1st, Birney. 


Third. 


62 


4 


88th Inf. 1 


2d, Kelly. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


24 


4 


93d Inf. 2 
94th Inf. 












1st, Paul. 


1st, Robinson. 


First. 


70 


J 75 


95th Inf. 


2d, Cutler. 


1st, Wadsworth. First. 


69 


46 


97th Inf. 


2d, Baxter. 


2d, Robinson. 


First. 


48 


78 


I02d Inf. 


2d, Greene. 


2d, Geary. 


Twelfth. 


21 


8 


104th Inf. 


1st, Paul. 


2d, Robinson. 


First. 


102 


92 


107th Inf. 


3d, Colgrove. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


2 


. . 


108th Inf. 


2d, Smyth. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


102 




I nth Inf. 


3d, Willard. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


235 


14 


119th Inf. 


2d, Krzyzanowski. 3d, Schimmel- 


Eleventh. 


81 


59 






fennig. 








1 20th Inf. 


2d, Brewster. 


2d, Humphrey 


..Third. 


184 


19 


121st Inf. 3 


3d, Dartlett. 


3d, Wheaton. 


Sixth. 


2 


. . 


I22d Inf. 


1st, Shaler. 


3d, Wheaton. 


Sixth. 


42 


2 


123d Inf. 


1st, McDougall. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


'3 


1 


124th Inf. 


2d, Ward. 


1st, Birney. 


Third. 


85 


5 


125th Inf. 


3d, Willard. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


130 


9 


I26lh Inf. 


3d, Willard. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


221 


10 


134th Inf. 


1st, Coster. 


2d, Steinwehr. 


Eleventh. 


193 


59 


136th Inf. 


2d, Smith. 


2d, Steinwehr. 


Eleventh. 


106 


3 


137th Inf. 


3d, Greene. 


2d, Geary. 


Twelfth 


127 


10 


140th Inf. 


3d, Weed. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


115 


18 


145th Inf. 


1st, McDougall. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


10 




146th Inf. 


3d, Weed. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


28 




147th Inf. 


2d, Cutler. 


1st, Wadsworth. First. 


177 


92 


149th Inf. 


3d, Greene. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


52 


3 


150th Inf. 


2d, Lockwood. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


3° 


15 


154th Inf. 


1st, Coster. 


2d, Steinwehr. 


Eleventh. 


22 


178 


157th Inf. 


1st, Von Amsberc 


'.3d, Schurz. Eleventh, 
ad-quarters guarding trains. 


193 


114 


1 Two companies. 2 At he 




3 Not engaged. 











14 



2IO GETTYSBURG. 

Batteries. 

Corps. Killed and Miss. 
r wounded. ing. 

Reynolds's 1st Light First. 16 i 

Rorty's 1st Light (B) Second. 26 . . 

Winslow's 1st Light (D) Third. 10 8 

Smith's 4th Light Third. 12 \ 

Barnes's 1st Light (C) 1 Fifth. . . 

Cowan's 1st Light Sixth. 12 

Harn's 3d Light 1 Sixth. . . 

Weidrick's 1st Light (I) Eleventh. 13 

Wheeler's 13th Light Eleventh. 8 

Winegar's 1st Light (M) Twelfth. . . 

Martin's 6th Horse Artillery, Cavalry. 1 

Hart's 15th Light Artillery Reserve. 16 

Taft's 5th Light Artillery Reserve. 3 

Ames's 1st Light (G) Artillery Reserve. 7 

Fitzhugh's 1st Light (K) 2 Artillery Reserve. 7 

1 Not engaged. 2 nth New York Battery attached. 

GENERAL OFFICERS. 

Corps Commanders. 
General Daniel E. Sickles, Commander of the Third Corps (wounded). 
General Henry W. Slocum, Commander of the Twelfth Corps. 
General Abner Doubleday, Commander of the First Corps (tempo- 
rarily). 

General Daniel Butterfield, Chief of Staff (wounded). 
General Gouverneur K. Warren, Chief Engineer. 

Division Commanders. 

General James S. Wadsworth, Commander of the First Division, 
First Corps. 

General John C. Robinson, Commander of the Second Division, 
First Corps. 

General Romeyn B. Ayres, Commander of the Second Division, 
Fifth Corps. 

General Francis C. Barlow, Commander of the First Division, 
Eleventh Corps (wounded). 

General Adolph von Steinwehr, Commander of the Second Division, 
Eleventh Corps. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 211 

Brigade Commanders. 

General Alexander S. Webb, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Second Division, Second Corps (wounded). 

Colonel Patrick Kelly, Commander of the Second Brigade, First 
Division, Second Corps. 

General George S. Willard, Commander of the Third Brigade, 
Third Division, Second Corps (killed). 

General Charles K. Graham, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, Third Corps (wounded). 

General Hobart Ward, Commander of the Second Brigade, First 
Division, Third Corps. 

General P. R. de Trobriand, Commander of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Third Corps. (Born in France.) 

General Joseph B. Carr, Commander of the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Third Corps. 

Colonel W. M. R. Brewster, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Second Division, Third Corps. 

General Stephen H. Weed, Commander of the Third Brigade, 
Second Division, Fifth Corps (killed). 

General J. J. Bartlett, Commander of the Second Brigade, First 
Division, Sixth Corps. 

General David A. Russell, Commander of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Sixth Corps. 

Colonel Leopold von Gilsa, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, Eleventh Corps. (Born in Germany.) 

Colonel Charles K. Coster, Commander of the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Eleventh Corps. 

Colonel W. Krzyzanowski, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Third Division, Eleventh Corps. (Born in Poland.) 

Colonel Archibald L. McDougall, Commander of the First Brigade, 
First Division, Twelfth Corps. 

General George S. Greene, Commander of the Third Brigade, 
Second Division, Twelfth Corps. (Born in Rhode Island.) 

Colonel Thomas C. Devin, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Cavalry Corps. 

The total appropriations by the State for 
monuments, exclusive of those to the cemetery, 
were $244,825. 



2 I 2 GETTYSBURG. 

When this great State decided to erect mon- 
uments upon the field, there was a certainty 
that it would be done not only in a liberal, 
but in a most thorough manner. 

A commission, consisting of Generals Sickles, 
Slocum, Graham, and Carr, and Major Richard- 
son, was appointed to take charge of the matter, 
and they gave great personal attention to it. In 
addition to the appropriation of $1500 to each 
command, many regiments contributed largely 
towards the erection of their monuments. 

Before the State made any appropriation the 
14th Brooklyn and 1 24th Regiments had erected 
costly monuments. That of the former at the 
railroad cut, on the First Corps line, is a sol- 
dier in the zouave uniform of the regiment in 
the act of loading, while the latter, on the 
Third Corps line, on the knoll above Devil's 
Den, is surmounted by a statue of its youthful 
commander, Colonel Ellis, standing in the posi- 
tion he was when killed on the 2d, as he stood 
with folded arms watching the approach of the 
Texas brigade, which was advancing over the 
rocks and through the bushes in the immediate 
front. The regiment, recruited in Orange 
County, was known as the "Orange Blos- 
soms." The citizens of the county contributed 
liberally to the monument. Near it is the fine 
monument of the 86th Regiment. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 213 

The monument of the 44th Regiment and two 
companies of the 1 2th, upon the summit of Little 
Round Top, is probably the most expensive regi- 
mental monument on the field. It is a massive 
granite castle, in the lower chamber of which are 
bronze plates containing a complete muster-roll 
of each company. A winding stairway leads to 
the observatory on top. It was through the lib- 
eral contributions of General Butterfield, princi- 
pally, that this splendid monument was erected. 

Among other fine monuments of the State 
are the following : that of Sickles' s old " Excel- 
sior Brigade," near the Emmittsburg Road, in 
which is a column for each of the five reei- 
ments, with full and appropriate inscriptions ; 
that of the "Irish Brigade," on the edge of the 
Wheat-Field, a large granite and bronze cross, 
with a bronze Irish wolf-dog lying at its foot ; 
that of Smith's battery, on the knoll, near 
Devil's Den, a bronze cannoneer standing by 
his gun with rammer in hand ; the tall and 
expensive shaft of the 83d, on the First 
Corps line, on Oak Ridge, and the costly mon- 
uments of the 6th and 9th Cavalry immediately 
in front of it, the former containing one of the 
largest bronze plates on the field, representing 
a cavalry charge, and the latter a similar plate 
with the figure of a cavalry vedette discovering 
the approach of the enemy. 



214 GETTYSBURG. 

Many other monuments on this line are also 
handsome and expensive. 

On the Twelfth Corps line, on Culp's Hill, 
among the most characteristic are those of the 
78th and I02d, constructed of granite, repre- 
senting a soldier firing from behind a log breast- 
work ; that of the 123d is a granite figure of 
History recording the events of the battle upon 
a large tablet. 

On the Second Corps line is the large granite 
clover-leaf monument of the 108th and the 
bronze soldier of the 1 1 1 th, and a short distance 
beyond is the costly monument of Cowan's bat- 
tery, which was erected through the generosity 
of Colonel Cowan. It is a fine piece of bronze 
work, depicting a battery firing grape and canis- 
ter into the ranks of the enemy at short range. 

Near this is the monument of the 42d (Tam- 
many) Regiment. It was erected by subscrip- 
tions of the Tammany Organization of New 
York, and is a large and finely finished piece of 
bronze work. The granite pedestal is sur- 
mounted by an immense bronze wigwam, an 
Indian warrior standing beside it. This monu- 
ment is subject to criticism, as in the far future 
it may lead to misconception as to Indians par- 
ticipating in the battle. 

In fact, there is hardly a New York regimental 
monument on the field that is not attractive. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 2 I 5 

In addition to these the State erected, at 
an expense of $60,000, a magnificent monu- 
ment in the cemetery in honor of its dead. It 
is a splendid work of art, being a classic shaft, 
and upon the dies of the base are large bronze 
tablets representing the principal events of each 
day of the battle. 

Upon the summit of Round Top is the bronze 
heroic statue of General Warren, then chief 
engineer of the army. It was erected through 
the efforts of the 5th New York (Duryee's 
Zouaves), his old regiment. It is of a very high 
order of art, well executed. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 



NEW JERSEY. 
Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. 

1st Cav. 1st, Mcintosh. 2d, Gregg. Cavalry. 

1st Inf. 1 1st, Torbert. 1st, Wright. Sixth. 

2d Inf. 1 1st, Torbert. 1st, Wright. Sixth. 6 . . 

3d Inf. 1 1st, Torbert. 1st, Wright. Sixth. 2 . . 

4th Inf. 2 

5th Inf. 3d, Burling. 2d, Humphreys. Third. 78 16 

6th Inf. 3d, Burling. 2d, Humphreys. Third. 33 8 

7th Inf. 3d, Burling. 2d, Humphreys. Third. 101 13 

8th Inf. 3d, Burling. 2d, Humphreys. Third. 21 3 

nth Inf. 1st, Carr. 2d, Humphreys. Third. 141 12 

12th Inf. 2d, Smyth. 3d, Hays. Second. 106 9 

13th Inf. 3d, Colgrove. 1st, Ruger. Twelfth. 21 . . 

15th Inf. 1 1st, Torbert. 1st, Wright. Sixth. 3 . . 
1 Not engaged. i Guarding reserve ammunition train. 

Batteries. 

„ Killed and Miss- 

Cor P s - wounded, ing. 

Clark's 2d Light Third. 17 3 

Parson's 1st Light Artillery Reserve. 9 . . 



2 I 6 GETTYSBURG. 

General Officers. 

General Judson Kilpatrick, Commander of the Third Division, 
Cavalry Corps. 

General George C. Burling, Commander of the Third Brigade, 
Second Division, Third Corps. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 

$44,255- 

The appropriations for the five regiments of 

the i st New Jersey Brigade of the Sixth Corps, 
which were in reserve in the rear of the left 
centre, were consolidated in the erection of an 
imposing brigade monument, a granite castle, 
which stands in a commanding position. 

The monuments of the nth, 12th, and 13th 
Regiments and of Clark's battery are very 
characteristic. That of the 1 1 th, on the Third 
Corps line, on the Emmittsburg Road, is a 
heavy pedestal, upon which lies an open vol- 
ume of history. That of the 12 th, on the 
Second Corps line, contains a bronze plate rep- 
resenting the regiment charging out to and 
burning the Bliss barn. That of the 13th is 
one of the most substantial monuments on the 
field. It is in the woods, on the extreme right 
of the Twelfth Corps line, at the edge of Rock 
Creek, and upon its face is well cut in relief 
the figure of a soldier firing from behind the 
trees. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 21 7 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Regiment. 
1st Cav. 
2d Cav. 
3d Cav. 
4th Cav. 1 
6th Cav. 
8th Cav. 1 
1 6th Cav. 
17th Cav. 
1 8th Cav. 
nth Inf. 
23d Inf. 2 
26th Inf. 
27th Inf. 
28th Inf. 
29th Inf. 
46th Inf. 
49th Inf. 1 
53d Inf. 
56th Inf. 
57th Inf. 
61st Inf. 1 
62d Inf. 
63d Inf. 
68th Inf. 
69th Inf. 
71st Inf. 
7 2d Inf. 3 
73d Inf. 
74th Inf. 



Brigade. 
1st, Mcintosh. 

1st, Mcintosh. 

3d, Gregg. 

Merritt. 

2d, Huey. 

3d, Gregg. 

2d, Devin. 

1st Farnsworth. 

2d, Baxter. 

1st, Shaler. 

1st, Carr. 

1st, Coster. 

1st, Candy. 

2d, Kane. 

1st, McDougall. 

3d, Russell. 

4th, Brooke. 

2d, Cutler. 

1st, Graham. 

3d, Neill. 

2d, Sweitzer. 

1st, Graham. 

1st, Graham. 

2d, Webb. 

2d, Webb. 

2d, Webb. 

1st, Coster. 

1st, Von Amsberg. 



Division. 
2d, Gregg. 



75th Inf. 2d, Krzyzanowski. 



81st Inf. 
82d Inf. 
83d Inf. 



1st, Cross. 
1st, Shaler. 
3d, Vincent. 



2d, Gregg. 
2d, Gregg. 
1st, Buford. 
2d, Gregg. 
2d, Gregg. 
1st, Buford. 
3d, Kilpatrick. 
2d, Robinson. 
3d, Wheaton. 
2d, Humphreys. 
2d, Steinwehr. 
2d, Geary. 
2d, Geary. 
1st, Ruger. 
1st, Wright. 
1st, Caldwell. 
1st, Wadsworth. 
1st, Birney. 
2d, Howe. 
1st, Barnes. 
1st, Birney. 
1st, Birney. 
2d, Gibbon. 
2d, Gibbon. 
2d, Gibbon. 
2d, Steinwehr. 
3d, Schimmel- 

fennig. 
3d, Schimmel- 

fennig. 
1st, Caldwell. 
2d, Wheaton. 
1st, Barnes. 



Corns Killed and Miss- 

v ° wounded, ing. 

Head-q'rs. . . 2 

Head-q'rs. . . . . 

Cavalry. 15 6 

Cavalry. . . 

Cavalry. 10 6 

Cavalry. . . 

Cavalry. 6 . . 

Cavalry. . . 4 

Cavalry. 6 8 

First. 70 62 

Sixth. 14 . . 

Third. 206 7 

Eleventh. 34 77 

Twelfth. 24 3 

Twelfth. 58 8 

Twelfth. 12 1 

Sixth 

Second. 74 6 

First. 73 56 

Third. 57 58 

Sixth. I 1 

Fifth. 135 40 

Third. 30 4 

Third. 133 19 

Second. 120 8 

Second. 79 19 

Second. 189 2 

Eleventh. 34 . . 

Eleventh. 50 60 

Eleventh. 108 3 



Second. 

Sixth. 

Fifth. 



54 
6 

55 



1 Not engaged. 



' Birney's Zouaves. 8 Baxter's Zouaves. 



218 



GETTYSBURG. 



Pennsylvania — Continued. 



Regiment. 
84th Inf. 1 
88th Inf. 
90th Inf. 
91st Inf. 
93d Inf. 
95th Inf. 2 
96th Inf. 1 
98th Inf. 
99th Inf. 
I02d Inf. 1 
105th Inf. 
1 06th Inf. 
107th Inf. 
109th Inf. 
I loth Inf. 
I nth Inf. 
114th Inf. 3 
115th Inf. 
1 1 6th Inf. 4 
n8thlnf. 
119th Inf. 1 
121st Inf. 
139th Inf. 
140th Inf. 
141st Inf. 
I42d Inf. 
143d Inf. 
145th Inf. 5 
147th Inf. 
148th Inf. 
149th Inf. 
150th Inf. 
151st Inf. 
153d Inf. 
155th Inf. 6 



Brigade. 
1st, Carr. 
2d, Baxter. 
2d, Baxter. 
3d, Weed. 
3d, Nevin. 
2d, Bartlett. 
2d, Bartlett. 
3d, Nevin. 
2d, Ward. 
3d, Nevin. 
1st, Graham. 
2d, Webb. 
1st, Paul. 
2d, Kane. 
3d, De Trobriand. 
2d, Kane. 
1st, Graham. 
3d, Burling. 
2d, Kelly. 
1st, Tilton. 
3d, Russell. 
1st, Biddle. 
3d, Nevin. 
3d, Zook. 
1st, Graham. 
1st, Biddle. 
2d, Stone. 
4th, Brooke. 
1st, Candy. 
1st, Cross. 
2d, Stone. 
2d, Stone. 
1st, Biddle. 
1st, Von Gilsa. 
3d, Weed. 



Division. 
2d, Humphreys. 
2d, Robinson. 
2d, Robinson. 
2d, Ayres. 
3d, Wheaton. 
3d, Wheaton. 
3d, Wheaton. 
3d, Wheaton. 
1st, Birney. 
3d, Wheaton. 
1st, Birney. 
2d, Gibbon. 
2d, Robinson. 
2d, Geary. 
1st, Birney. 
2d, Geary. 
1st, Birney. 
2d, Humphreys, 
1st, Caldwell. 
1st, Barnes. 
1st, Wright. 
3d, Doubleday. 
2d, Wheaton. 
1st, Caldwell. 
1st, Birney. 
3d, Doubleday. 
3d, Doubleday. 
1st, Caldwell. 
2d, Geary. 
1st, Caldwell. 
3d, Doubleday. 
3d, Doubleday. 
3d, Doubleday. 
1st, Barlow. 
1st, Ayres. 



Corps. 
Third. 
First. 
First. 
Fifth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Sixth. 
Third. 
Sixth. 
Third. 
Second. 
First. 
Twelfth. 
Third. 
Twelfth. 
Third. 
Third. 
Second. 
Fifth. 
Sixth. 
First. 
Sixth. 
Second. 
Third. 
First. 
First. 
Second. 
Twelfth. 
Second. 
First. 
First. 
First. 
Eleventh 
Fifth. 



Killed and 


Miss. 


wounded. 


ing. 


57 


49 


53 


40 


19 




10 




2 




1 




n 




99 


II 


123 


9 


63 


I 


67 


98 


9 


I 


53 


• • 


22 


. . 


94 


60 


21 


3 


13 


9 


22 


3 


2 




118 


61 


30 


. . 


181 


60 


128 


21 


141 


70 


161 


9i 


76 


8 


20 




120 


5 


205 


131 


180 


84 


233 


102 


• 165 


46 


19 


. . 



1 Not engaged. 
3 Collis's Zouaves. 
6 Seven companies. 



- Gosline's Zouaves, not engaged. 
* Four companies. 
6 Pittsburg Zouaves. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 219 



Regiment. 
1st Inf. 
2d Inf. 
5th Inf. 1 
6th Inf. 
9th Inf. 1 
ioth Inf. 1 
nth Inf. 
1 2th Inf. 1 
1st Rifles. 



Pennsylvania Reserves 

Brigade. Division. 

1st, McCandless. 3d, Crawford. 
1st, McCandless. 3d, Crawford. 



3d, Fisher. 

1st, McCandless. 

3d, Fisher. 

3d, Fisher. 

3d, Fisher. 

3d, Fisher. 

1st, McCandless. 



3d, Crawford. 
3d, Crawford. 
3d, Crawford. 
3d, Crawford. 
3d, Crawford. 
3d, Crawford. 
3d, Crawford. 



Corps. 

Fifth. 

Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 

46 

36 I 

2 

24 

5 

5 

41 



46 



1 Not engaged. 

Batteries. 

Corps. 

Cooper's 1st Light (B) First. 

Knap's 6th Light (E) Twelfth. 

Thompson's Light Independent (C and F) . Artillery 

Reserve. 
Ricketts's 1st Light (F and G) Artillery 

Reserve. 
Runk's 3d Light (H) Unattached 



Killed and 
wounded. 

II 

3 



24 



Miss- 
ing. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 
General George G. Meade, Commander of the Army. 

Corps Commanders. 

General John F. Reynolds, Commander of the First Corps (killed). 

General Winfield S. Hancock, Commander of the Second Corps 
(wounded). 

General David B. Birney, Commander of the Third Corps (after 
General Sickles was wounded). 

Division Commanders. 

General Thomas A. Rowley, Commander of the Third Division, 
First Corps. 

General John Gibbon, Commander of the Second Division, Second 
Corps (wounded). 

General Alexander Hays, Commander of the Third Division, Second 
Corps. 



2 20 GETTYSBURG. 

General Andrew A. Humphreys, Commander of the Second Division, 
Third Corps. 

General S. W. Crawford, Commander of the Third Division, Fifth 
Corps. 

General John W. Geary, Commander of the Second Division, Twelfth 
Corps. 

General David McM. Gregg, Commander of the Second Division, 
Cavalry Corps. 

Brigade Commanders. 

Colonel Chapman Biddle, Commander of the First Brigade, Third 
Division, First Corps. 

General Roy Stone, Commander of the Second Brigade, Third 
Division, First Corps (wounded). 

General S. K. Zook, Commander of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Second Corps (killed). 

General John R. Brooke, Commander of the Fourth Brigade, First 
Division, Second Corps (wounded). 

General J. B. Sweitzer, Commander of the Second Brigade, First 
Division, Fifth Corps. 

General Strong Vincent, Commander of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Fifth Corps (killed). 

Colonel William McCandless, Commander of the First Brigade, 
Third Division, Fifth Corps. 

Colonel J. W. Fisher, Commander of the Third Brigade, Third 
Division, Fifth Corps. 

General Thomas H. Neill, Commander of the Third Brigade, Second 
Division, Sixth Corps. 

General A. Schimmelfennig, Commander of the First Brigade, 
Third Division, Eleventh Corps. 

General Thomas L. Kane, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Second Division, Twelfth Corps. 

General John B. Mcintosh, Commander of the First Brigade, 
Second Division, Cavalry Corps. 

Colonel Pennock Huey, Commander of the Second Brigade, Second 
Division, Cavalry Corps. 

Colonel John Irwin Gregg, Commander of the Third Brigade, 
Second Division, Cavalry Corps. 

The total State appropriations for monu- 
ments, exclusive of cemetery, were $399,877.22. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 22 1 

The survivors of several regiments of this 
State had erected monuments upon the field 
before the State made an appropriation for that 
purpose. 

The difficulty was not in having an act 
passed by the Legislature, but in repressing ef- 
forts to have such an act passed, especially 
after Massachusetts made an appropriation for 
such purpose. 

Those in the State most actively interested 
well knew that there would be a just rivalry be- 
tween the great States of New York and Penn- 
sylvania, which together had more commands 
present at the battle than all the other States 
combined. They knew that when New York 
took action it would be upon a liberal basis, and 
that Pennsylvania would be certain to equal 
anything done by the Empire State. They 
were, therefore, desirous of deferring action 
until the latter State had made its appropriation, 
but it required considerable effort to accom- 
plish it. 

As soon as New York had made an appro- 
priation of $1500 for each regimental monu- 
ment, a bill making a like appropriation by the 
State of Pennsylvania was introduced in the 
State Senate. This bill, appropriating $121, 500, 
was approved June 15, 1887. 

Among the most attractive monuments are : 



22 2 GETTYSBURG. 

that of the 56th Infantry on the First Corps 
line, a bronze stack of muskets and equip- 
ments ; the massive monument of the 151st, 
at the edge of Reynolds's Grove ; the huge 
granite tree-trunk, with bronze ivy twined 
around it, of the 90th, on Oak Ridge, near the 
Mummasburg Road ; the granite cannon and 
other implements of war of the 88th, near it ; 
the bronze soldier of the 11th, farther to the 
left, on the same line ; that of the 1 7th Cavalry, 
of Devin's brigade, immediately in their front, 
a full-sized horse and rider upon an immense 
block of Westerly granite ; that of the 74th, 
on the Eleventh Corps line, a granite figure 
of a color-bearer falling, but still holding his 
flag aloft ; that of Ricketts's battery, on East 
Cemetery Hill, one of the largest and most 
expensive upon the field, cannon, gunner, etc., 
in granite, cut in full relief; that of the 73d, 
near it, a bronze plate representing the regiment 
charging from out the cemetery to the relief of 
the batteries ; that of the 23d (Birney's Phila- 
delphia Zouaves), on Culp's Hill, representing 
a soldier double-quicking towards the works 
at "trail arms;" those of the 28th, 29th, and 
109th, near by; the large and substantial one 
of the 71st, near the "copse of trees," on the 
Second Corps line ; the bronze zouave with 
clubbed musket of the 7 2d, near by ; that of 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 223 

the 1 st Pennsylvania Cavalry in front of Meade's 
head-quarters, a bronze dismounted trooper 
kneeling and firing ; also the bronze dismounted 
cavalryman of heroic size in the act of loading 
his carbine, of the 2d Cavalry, at Meade's head- 
quarters ; that of the 8th Cavalry, near Pleason- 
ton's head-quarters, a granite horse and rider, 
of full size, cut out of one piece of granite, with 
bronze equipments ; that of the 95th (Gosline's 
Zouaves), to the right and front of Little Round 
Top; that of the 155th (Pittsburg Zouaves) ; 
the granite castle of the 91st, of the same bri- 
gade, and that of the 83d, on Little Round 
Top, the latter a bronze statue of General Vin- 
cent ; that of the 9th Reserves, between the 
two Round Tops, a soldier standing by the grave 
of his comrade ; that of the 10th Reserves, near 
by; those of the 5th, 8th, and 12th, on Big 
Round Top ; the large granite keystone of 
the 99th, on the knoll above Devil's Den ; 
that of the 1 8th Cavalry, on Kilpatrick's line ; 
that of the 1 48th, in the Wheat-Field ; those of 
the 53d and 145th, on the line of Brooke's 
brigade ; that of the 1 1 6th, beyond the Wheat- 
Field, a soldier falling while crossing a wall ; 
that of the 1 18th (Philadelphia Corn Exchange), 
near by ; the fine bronze cannoneer of Thomp- 
son's battery, in the Peach Orchard ; those of 
the 68th and 141st, near it ; the bronze zouave 



2 24 GETTYSBURG. 

of the 114th, in Sherfy's yard, on the Emmitts- 
burg Road ; and that of the 105th (the Wildcat 
Regiment), near it. There are many other 
monuments of this State, as of New York, which 
are very attractive and impressive. 

In addition to the regimental monuments, the 
State, in 1891, appropriated $100,000 for eques- 
trian statues of Generals Meade, Hancock, and 
Reynolds. The two former have been erected, 
and the latter is still in the hands of the artist, 
and will be erected in the summer of 1897. 

That of General Meade stands near the cen- 
tre of the line of battle, on the Second Corps 
line. It represents him uncovered, as he rides 
upon the field at the time of Longstreet's 
assault and repulse, receiving the wild greetings 
of his army. 

That of General Hancock, on East Ceme- 
tery Hill, where he assumed command of the 
army on the evening of July 1, represents him 
pointing to positions and giving directions for 
the formation of a new line of battle. 

These two statues are considered, by capable 
critics, as two of the finest works of art of the 
kind in America, and no doubt that of General 
Reynolds, which will stand upon the First 
Corps line, will be of equal merit. 

The regimental monuments were dedicated 
September 11 and 12, 1889, in the presence of 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 225 

an immense number of citizens of the State. 
The State furnished transportation to all sur- 
viving soldiers of the State who had partici- 
pated in the battle. 

The statues of Generals Meade and Hancock 
were dedicated on June 5, 1896, the ceremonies 
being attended also by a large number of dis- 
tinguished military officers and citizens of the 
country. 







DELAWARE. 






Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 


1st Inf. 


2d, Smyth. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


64 13 


2d Inf. 


4th, Brooke. 


1st, Caldwell. 


Second. 


72 12 



A considerable portion of the two Delaware 
regiments was recruited in Philadelphia. 

General Officers. 

General A. T. A. Torbert, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, Sixth Corps. 

General Thomas A. Smyth, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Third Division, Second Corps (wounded). 

In 1885 the Legislature appropriated $2000 
for the purpose of erecting monuments on the 
battle-field of Gettysburg. 

Unfortunately, the two monuments of Dela- 
aware are duplicates, being small dark granite 
shafts. 

15 



226 



GETTYSBURG. 



Regiment. 
1st Cav. 
1st Inf. 1 
istE.S. 2 
3d Inf. 



Brigade. 
3d, Gregg. 
2d, Lockwood. 
2d, Lockwood. 
1st, McDougall. 



1 Potomac Home Brigade. 



MARYLAND. 

Division. 

2d, Gregg. 

1st, Ruger. 

1st, Ruger. 

1st, Ruger. 

2 Eastern Shore. 

Battery. 



Corps. 
Cavalry. 
Twelfth. 
Twelfth. 
Twelfth. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 



2 
IO3 

2 3 



Rigby's Light (A) 



General Officers. 



Corps. 
Artillery Reserve. 



General George Sykes, Commander of the Fifth Corps. 
General H. H. Lockwood, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
First Division, Twelfth Corps. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$6000. 

The monuments of this State are all of good 
character and substantially built. Those of the 
1st Cavalry, of Gregg's division, on the right, 
and 1 st Eastern Shore, on Culp's Hill, being 
particularly of excellent design and finish. 



WEST VIRGINIA. 



Regiment. Brigade. 

1st Cav. 1st, Farnsworth. 

3d Cav. 1 2d, Devin. 

7th Inf. 1st, Carroll. 

1 Three companies. 



Division. 
3d, Kilpatrick. 
1st, Buford. 
3d, Hays. 

Battery. 



Corps. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 

Cavalry. 8 4 

Cavalry. . . 4 

Second. 46 1 



Corps. 
Hall's Light (C) Artillery Reserve. 



Killed and 
wounded. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 227 

No monuments have been erected up to this 
time. 

OHIO. 

Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. Killed J and M*»- 

r wounded, ing. 

1st Cav. 1 1st, Farnsworth. 3d, Kilpatrick. Cavalry. 

6th Cav. 2 2d, Huey. 2d, Gregg. Cavalry. 

4th Inf. 1st, Carroll. 3d, Hays. Second. 26 5 

5th Inf. 1st, Candy. 2d, Geary. Twelfth. 18 

7th Inf. 1st, Candy. 2d, Geary. Twelfth. 18 . . 

8th Inf. 1st, Carroll. 3d, Hays. Second. 101 1 

25th Inf. 2d, Ames. 1st, Barlow. Eleventh. 112 72 

29th Inf. 1st, Candy. 2d, Geary. Twelfth. 38 . . 

55th Inf. 2d, Smith. 2d, Steinwehr. Eleventh. 37 12 

6lst Inf. 1st, Von Amsberg. 3d, Schurz. Eleventh. 42 12 

66th Inf. 1st, Candy. 2d, Geary. Twelfth. 17 . . 

73d Inf. 2d, Smith. 2d, Steinwehr. Eleventh. 141 4 

75th Inf. 2d, Ames. 1st, Barlow. Eleventh. 94 92 

82d Inf. 2d, Krzyzanowski. 3d, Schimmel- Eleventh. 102 79 

fennig. 

107th Inf. 2d, Ames. 1st, Barlow. Eleventh. 134 77 

1 Company F. Company A at Gregg's head-quarters. - Not engaged. 

Batteries. 

Corns Killed and Miss- 
™ ' wounded, ing. 

Gibb's 1st Light (L) Fifth. 6 . . 

Dilger's 1st Light (I) Eleventh. 13 . . 

Heckman's 1st Light (K) Eleventh. 13 2 

Norton's 1st Light (H) Artillery Reserve. 7 . . 

General Officers. 

General Henry Hunt, Chief of Artillery. (Born in Michigan.) 

General George A. Custer, Commander of the Second Brigade, 
Third Division, Cavalry Corps. 

General Samuel S. Carroll, Commander of the First Brigade, Third 
Division, Second Corps. (Born in District of Columbia.) 

General Orland Smith, Commander of the Second Brigade, Second 
Division, Eleventh Corps. (Born in Maine.) 

General Charles Candy, Commander of the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Twelfth Corps. 



2 28 GETTYSBURG. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$40,000. 

Of the above amount, $5000 was given to 
the Memorial Association and $35,000 was ex- 
pended in the erection of monuments, expenses 
of commission, etc. 

Although the appropriation to each command 
of this State was $2000, the monuments, with 
some exceptions, do not equal those of several 
of the other States in style and character. 
Among the finest are the combined monument 
of the 75th and 25th Regiments, on the Eleventh 
Corps line, and those of the 7th and 29th, on 
Culp's Hill. Probably the best piece of work 
is that of the 73d, near the cemetery wall, on 
the Taneytown Road, — a large pedestal, with 
the flag lying gracefully over it, cut from one 
piece of granite. 







INDIANA. 








Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Killed and 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


3d Cav. 


1st, Gamble. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


27 


5 


7th Inf. 1 


2d, Cutler. 


1st, Wads worth 


. First. 




. . 


14th Inf. 


1st, Carroll. 


3d, Hays. 


Second. 


31 




19th Inf. 


1st, Meredith 


1st, Wadsworth 


. First. 


160 


5o 


20th Inf. 


2d, Ward. 


1st, Birney. 


Third. 


146 


10 


27th Inf. 


3d, Colgrove. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


I09 


1 


1 Not engaged. 








General Officers. 









General Solomon Meredith, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, First Corps (wounded). (Born in North Carolina.) 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 229 

General William Harrow, Commander of the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Second Corps. (Born in Kentucky.) 

General Silas Colgrove, Commander of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Twelfth Corps. 

The State appropriated $3000 on March 5, 
1885, for the erection of monuments, but never 
contributed to the Association or paid anything 
towards the purchase of ground upon which the 
monuments are located. 

The monuments of this State are plain, and 
there seems to have been no effort towards origi- 
nality or impressiveness. 







ILLINOIS. 






Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Coros Killed and 
™ ' wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


8th Cav. 


1st, Gamble. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 6 


I 


1 2th Cav. 


1 1st, Gamble. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 14 


6 


82d Inf. 


1st, Von Am; 


iberg. 3d, Schurz. 


Eleventh. 23 


89 


1 Four' 


companies. 








General Officers. 







General John Buford, Commander of the First Division, Cavalry 
Corps. (Born in Kentucky.) 

General Wesley Merritt, Commander of the Regular Brigade, First 
Division, Cavalry Corps. (Born in New York.) 

General Elon J. Farnsworth, Commander of the First Brigade, Third 
Division, Cavalry Corps (killed). 

General William Gamble, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, Cavalry Corps. 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$6000. 

Of this amount, the sum of $600 was given 
to the Memorial Association, and the balance 



230 



GETTYSBURG. 



was expended on the three regimental monu- 
ments. 

Though liberal appropriations were made for 
the three monuments, they are not of that char- 
acter which was expected from this great State. 





MICHIGAN. 








Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Killed and 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


1st Cav. 


2d, Custer. 


3d, Kilpatrick. 


Cavalry. 


53 


20 


5th Cav. 


2d, Custer. 


3d, Kilpatrick. 


Cavalry. 


38 


18 


6th Cav. 


2d, Custer. 


3d, Kilpatrick. 


Cavalry. 


27 


I 


7th Cav. 


2d, Custer. 


3d, Kilpatrick. 


Cavalry. 


61 


39 


1st Inf. 


1st, Tilton. 


1st, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


38 


4 


3d Inf. 


3d, De Trobriand 


. 1st, Birney. 


Third. 


38 


7 


4th Inf. 


2d, Sweitzer. 


1st, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


89 


76 


5th Inf. 


3d, De Trobriand, 


, 1st, Birney. 


Third. 


105 


4 


7th Inf. 


3d, Hall. 


2d, Gibbon. 


Second. 


65 


. . 


1 6th Inf. 


3d, Vincent. 


1st, Barnes. 


Fifth. 


57 


3 


24th Inf. 


1st, Meredith. 


1st, Wadsworth 


. First. 


272 


9i 






Battery. 


r^™= Killed and 
Cor P s - wounded. 


Daniel's 


9th , 




illery, Cavalry. 


5 



General Officers. 

General Alpheus S. Williams, Commander of the First Division, 
Twelfth Corps. (Born in Connecticut.) 

General Henry Baxter, Commander of the Second Brigade, Second 
Division, First Corps. (Born in New York.) 

General Norman J. Hall, Commander of the Third Brigade, Second 
Division, Second Corps. 

The Legislature of 1887 appropriated the 
sum of $20,000 for marking by monuments the 
places occupied by Michigan troops at the battle 
of Gettysburg. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 23 1 

The Legislature of 1889 appropriated the 
sum of $2000 for general expenses of dedica- 
tion of the foregoing monuments, and $5000 
to assist in paying the expenses of ex-soldiers 
attending such dedication. 

The monuments are among the best and most 
substantial on the field. That of Custer's cavalry 
brigade, — 1st, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan, — on 
the line of Gregg's division, is one of the best- 
executed pieces of work on the field. It is par- 
ticularly characteristic. That of the 24th, in Rey- 
nolds's Grove, is surmounted by a granite figure, 
— a soldier in action, wearing the army hat, the 
Iron Brigade and one or two other regiments 
being the only troops in the Army of the Poto- 
mac not wearing the fatigue cap. That of the 
7th, near the ''copse of trees," on the Second 
Corps line, that of the 1 6th, on Little Round Top, 
and that of the 4th, in the Wheat-Field, at the 
spot where its colonel, Jeffords, fell with a bayo- 
net thrust through him, are well designed and 
constructed. 

WISCONSIN. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Killed and 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


2d Inf. 


1st, Meredith. 


1st, Wadsworth 


. First. 


1S1 


52 


3d Inf. 


3d, Colgrove. 


1st, Ruger. 


Twelfth. 


10 




5th Inf. 1 


3d, Russell. 


1st, Wright. 


Sixth. 






6th Inf. 


1st, Meredith. 


1st, Wadsworth. 


First. 


146 


22 


7th Inf. 


1st, Meredith. 


1st, Wadsworth. 


First. 


126 


52 


26th Inf. 


2d, Krzyzanowski. 3d, Schimmel- 


Eleventh 


• 15s 


62 






fennig. 








1 Not engaged. 





232 GETTYSBURG. 

General Officers. 

General Carl Schurz, Commander of the Third Division, Eleventh 
Corps. (Born in Germany.) 

General Thomas H. Ruger, Commander of the First Brigade, First 
Division, Twelfth Corps. (Born in New York.) 

General Lysander Cutler, Commander of the Second Brigade, First 
Division, First Corps. (Born in Massachusetts.) 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$3000. 

The six monuments of this State are amone 
the best on the field. They are constructed in 
whole or in part of the red Montello (Wiscon- 
sin) granite. 

Those of the 2d, 6th, and 7th, in Reynolds's 
Grove, that of the 5 th, on the extreme left in 
rear of Round Top, that of the 3d, on Culp's 
Hill, and that of the 26th, on the Eleventh 
Corps line, while all of different style, are all 
equally fine. 

MINNESOTA. 

Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. Killed and Miss- 

b ° r wounded. ing. 

1st Inf. 1st, Harrow. 2d, Gibbon. Second. 223 I 

The State appropriations for monuments were 
$20,312. 

While this State had but one regiment at 
Gettysburg, it was the first State, outside of 
Pennsylvania, to make an appropriation to the 
Memorial Association, and the State's liberality 
in expenditure for a monument for its regiment 
was unsurpassed. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 233 

The principal monument, which stands upon 
the Second Corps line, at the spot from which 
the regiment, by order of General Hancock, 
started upon its historic charge, cost over 
$16,000. It is a fine shaft surmounted by a 
bronze soldier double-quicking. It portrays 
great action, and is considered to be one of the 
best pieces of bronze work ever executed. The 
other monument is on the line where the regi- 
ment fought on the 3d. It cost $2500, and is 
of substantial character. 

UNITED STATES REGULARS. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


iviuea ana 
wounded. 


Miss- 
ing. 


1st Cav. 


Merritt. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


IO 


5 


2d Cav. 


Merritt. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


IO 


7 


5th Cav. 


Merritt. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


4 


1 


6th Cav. 


Merritt. 


1st, Buford. 


Cavalry. 


34 


208 


2d Inf. 1 


2d, Burbank. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


6l 


6 


3d Inf. 1 


1st, Day. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


72 


1 


4th Inf. 2 


1st, Day. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


40 




6th Inf. 3 


1st, Day. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


44 




7th Inf. 2 


2d, Burbank. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


57 


2 


8th Inf.* 










. . 


10th Inf. 5 


2d, Burbank. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


48 


3 


nth Inf. 1 


2d, Burbank. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


in 


19 


1 2th Inf. 6 


1st, Day. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


79 


13 


14th Inf. 6 


1st, Day. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


128 


4 


17th Inf. 7 


2d, Burbank. 


2d, Ayres. 


Fifth. 


143 


7 


1st U. S. 8 


2d, Ward. 


1st, Birney. 


Third. 


43 


6 


2d U. S.8 


2d, Ward. 


1st, Birney. 
ompanies. 


Third. 28 
3 Five companies. 


15 


1 Six companies. 8 Four c 




« Head-c 


juarters. 6 Three 


companies. 


6 Eight companies. 





234 GETTYSBURG. 

The two regiments of sharp-shooters were 
composed of companies recruited in the several 
States, the majority of them being from Maine, 
Vermont, Michigan, and Wisconsin. 



Killed and Miss- 
wounded, ing. 



UNITED STATES BATTERIES 

Corps. 

Stewart's 4th (B) First. 33 3 

Woodruff's 1st (I) Second. 25 

Cushing's 4th (A) Second. 38 

Seeley's 4th (K) Third. 21 

Hazlett's 5th (D) Fifth. 13 

Watson's 5th (I) Fifth. 20 

Williston's 2d (D) * Sixth. . . 

Butler's 2d (G) * Sixth. . . 

Martin's 5th (F) » Sixth. . . 

Wilkeson's (Bancroft's) 4th (G) Eleventh. 13 

Rugg's 4th (F) Twelfth. I 

Kinzie's 5th (K) Twelfth. 5 

Heaton's 2d (B & L) x . . . Horse Artillery, Cavalry. . . 

Pennington's 2d (M) . . . Horse Artillery, Cavalry. 1 

Elder's 4th (E) Horse Artillery, Cavalry. 1 

Randol's 1st (E & G) l . . . Horse Artillery, Cavalry. . . 

Graham's 1st (K) Horse Artillery, Cavalry. 3 

CalePs 2d (A) Horse Artillery, Cavalry. 12 

Fuller's 3d (C) l Horse Artillery, Cavalry. . . 

Eakin's (Mason's) 1st (H) .... Artillery Reserve. 9 1 

Turnbull's 3d (F & K) Artillery Reserve. 23 1 

Thomas's 4th (C) Artillery Reserve. 18 . . 

Weir's 5th (C) Artillery Reserve. 16 

1 Not engaged. 

No monuments or tablets have as yet been 
erected to mark the positions of the regiments 
and batteries of the Regular army. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 235 



LIST 



OF CONFEDERATE REGIMENTS AND BAT- 
TERIES ENGAGED IN THE BATTLE. 



Regiment. 
3d Inf. 
4th Inf. 
5th Bat. 
5th Inf. 
6th Inf. 
8th Inf. 
9th Inf. 
10th Inf. 
nth Inf. 
1 2th Inf. 
13th Inf. 
14th Inf. 
15th Inf. 
26th Inf. 
44th Inf. 
47th Inf. 
48th Inf. 





ALABAMA. 




Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


O'Neal. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


Law. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


Archer. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


O'Neal. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


O'Neal. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


Wilcox. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


Wilcox. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


Wilcox. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


Wilcox. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


O'Neal. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


Archer. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


Wilcox. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


Law. 


Hood. 


Longstreet, 


O'Neal. 


Rodes. 


Hill. 


Law. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


Law. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


Law. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 



Batteries. 

Reese's Jeff Davis Artillery. 

Hurt's Hardaway Artillery. 







ARKANSAS. 




Regiment. 


Brigade.' 


Division. 


Corps. 


3d Inf. 


Robertson 


Hood. 
FLORIDA. 


Longstreet. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


2d Inf. 


Perry. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


5th Inf. 


Perry. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


8th Inf. 


Perry. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 



236 


GETTYSBURG. 








GEORGIA. 




Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


Cobb's Legion. 


Hampton. 


Stuart's Cavalrj 




Phillips's Legion. Hampton. 


Stuart's Cavalry 




2d Battalion, Inf. Wright. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


2d Inf. 


Benning. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


3d Inf. 


Wright. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


4th Inf. 


Doles. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


7th Inf. 


Anderson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


8th Inf. 


Anderson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


9th Inf. 


Anderson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


loth Inf. 


Semmes. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


nth Inf. 


Anderson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


1 2th Inf. 


Doles. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


13th Inf. 


Gordon. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


14th Inf. 


Thomas. 


Pender. 


Hill. 


15th Inf. 


Benning. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


1 6th Inf. 


Wofford. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


17th Inf. 


Benning. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


1 8th Inf. 


Wofford. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


20th Inf. 


Benning. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


2 1 st Inf. 


Doles. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


22d Inf. 


Wright. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


24th Inf. 


Wofford. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


26th Int. 


Gordon. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


31st Inf. 


Gordon. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


35th Inf. 


Thomas. 


Pender. 


Hill. 


38th Inf. 


Gordon. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


44th Inf. 


Doles. 


Rodes. 


Ewell. 


45th Inf. 


Thomas. 


Pender. 


Hill. 


48th Inf. 


Wright. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


49th Inf. 


Thomas. 


Pender. 


Hill. 


50th Inf. 


Semmes. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


51st Inf. 


Semmes. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


53d Inf. 


Semmes. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


59th Inf. 


Anderson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


60th Inf. 


Gordon. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


61st Inf. 


Gordon. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


Cobb's Legion. 


Wofford. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


Phillips's Legion. Wofford. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 237 







Batteries. 
















Artillery. 


Milledge's. 






Patterson's. 








Ross's. 








Wingfield's. 




LOUISIANA. 




Regiment 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


1st Inf. 


Williams. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


2d Inf. 


Williams. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


5th Inf. 


Hays. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


6th Inf. 


Hays. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


7th Inf. 


Hays. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


8th Inf. 


Hays. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


9th Inf. 


Hays. 


Early. 


Ewell. 


ioth Inf. 


Williams. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


14th Inf. 


Williams. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


15th Inf. 


Williams. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 



Batteries. 

Moody's Madison Light Artillery. 

Green's Louisiana Guard Artillery. 

Maurin's Donaldsonville Artillery. 

Miller's Washington Artillery. 

Norcom's Washington Artillery. 

Richardson's Washington Artillery. 

Squires's Washington Artillery. 



Regiment. Brigade. 

1st Battalion, Inf. Steuart. 



MARYLAND. 

Division. 
Johnson. 



Corps. 
Ewell. 



Batteries. 



Brown's . 
Dement's. 
Breathed's. 
Griffin's 2d. 



Chesapeake Artillery. 



2 3 8 


GETTYSBURG. 
MISSISSIPPI. 




Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


2d Inf. 


Davis. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


nth Inf. 


Davis. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


1 2th Inf. 


Posey. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


13th Inf. 


Barksdale. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


1 6th Inf. 


Posey. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


17th Inf. 


Barksdale. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


1 8th Inf. 


Barksdale. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


19th Inf. 


Posey. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


21st Inf. 


Barksdale. 


McLaws. 


Longstreet. 


42d Inf. 


Davis. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


48th Inf. 


Posey. 


Anderson. 
Battery. 


Hill. 








Light Artill 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



Regiment. 

1st Cav. 

2d Cav. 

1st Battalion, Inf. 

1st Inf. 

2d Inf. 

2d Battalion, Inf. 

3d Inf. 

4th Inf. 

5th Inf. 

6th Inf. 

7th Inf. 

nth Inf. 

1 2th Inf. 

13th Inf. 

14th Inf. 

1 6th Inf. 

18th Inf. 

2 1 st Inf. 

22d Inf. 

23d Inf. 



Brigade. 
Hampton. 
W. H. F. Lee. 
Hoke. 
Steuart. 
Ramseur. 
Daniels. 
Steuart. 
Ramseur. 
Iverson. 
Hoke. 
Lane. 
Pettigrew. 
Iverson. 
Scales. 
Ramseur. 
Scales. 
Lane. 
Iverson. 
Scales. 
Iverson. 



Division. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Early. 
Johnson. 
Rodes. 
Rodes. 
Johnson, 
Rodes. 
Rodes. 
Early. 
Pender. 
Heth. 
Rodes. 
Pender. 
Rodes. 
Pender. 
Pender. 
Rodes. 
Pender. 
Rodes. 



Corps. 



Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 239 

north Carolina — Continued. 

Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. 

26th Inf. Pettigrew. Heth. Hill. 

28th Inf. Lane. Pender. Hill. 

30th Inf. Ramseur. Rodes. Ewell. 

32d Inf. Daniels. Rodes. Ewell. 

33d Inf. Lane. Pender. Hill. 

34th Inf. Scales. Pender. Hill. 

37th Inf. Lane. Pender. Hill. 

38th Inf. Scales. Pender. Hill. 

43d Inf. Daniels. Rodes. Ewell. 

45th Inf. Daniels. Rodes. Ewell. 

47th Inf. Pettigrew. Heth. Hill. 

52d Inf. Pettigrew. Heth. Hill. 

53d Inf. Daniels. Rodes. Ewell. 

54th Inf. Iverson. Rodes. Ewell. 

55th Inf. Davis. Heth. Hill. 

57th Inf. Hoke. Early. Ewell. 

Batteries. 

Manly's North Carolina Artillery. 

Latham's Branch Artillery. 

Reilly's Rowan Artillery. 

Graham's. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Regiment. Brigade. Division. Corps. 

1st Cav. Hampton. Stuart. .... 

2d Cav. Hampton. Stuart. .... 

Jeff Davis Legion.Hampton. Stuart. .... 

1st Inf. McGowan. Pender. Hill. 

2d Inf. Kershaw. McLaws. Longstreet. 

3d Inf. Kershaw. McLaws. Longstreet. 

3d Battalion, Inf. Kershaw. McLaws. Longstreet. 

7th Inf. Kershaw. McLaws. Longstreet. 

8th Inf. Kershaw. McLaws. Longstreet. 

I2th Inf. McGowan. Pender. Hill. 

13th Inf. McGowan. Pender. Hill. 

14th Inf. McGowan. Pender. Hill. 

15th Inf. Kershaw. McLaws. Longstreet. 

Orr's Rifles. McGowan. Pender. Hill. 



240 



GETTYSBURG. 



Batteries. 

Bachman's German Artillery. 

Garden's Palmetto Light Artillery. 

Rhett's Brooks Artillery. 

Brunson's Pee Dee Artillery. 

Hart's Washington Artillery. 







TENNESSEE. 




Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


1st Inf. 


Archer. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


7th Inf. 


Archer. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


14th Inf. 


Archer. 


Heth. 


Hill. 



TEXAS. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


1st Inf. 


Robertson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


4th Inf. 


Robertson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 


5th Inf. 


Robertson. 


Hood. 


Longstreet. 




VIRGINIA. 




Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


Corps. 


1st Inf. 


Kemper. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


2d Inf. 


Walker. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


3d Inf. 


Kemper. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


4th Inf. 


Walker. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


5th Inf. 


Walker. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


6th Inf. 


Mahone. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


7 th Inf. 


Kemper. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


8th Inf. 


Garnett. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


9th Inf. 


Armistead. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


loth Inf. 


Steuart. 


Johnson. 


Ewell. 


nth Inf. 


Kemper. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


1 2th Inf. 


Mahone. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


14th Inf. 


Armistead. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


1 6th Inf. 


Mahone. 


Anderson. 


Hill. 


1 8th Inf. 


Garnett. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


19th Inf. 


Garnett. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 2/j.I 



Virginia — Continued. 



Regiment. 


Brigade. 




Division. 


Corps. 


22d Battalion 


.Inf.Brockenbrough. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


2lst Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


23d Battalion, Inf.Steuart. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


24th Inf. 


Kemper. 




Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


25th Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


27th Inf. 


Walker. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


28th Inf. 


Garnett. 




Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


31st Inf. 


Smith. 




Early. 


Ewell. 


33d Inf. 


Walker. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


37th Inf. 


Steuart. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


38th Inf. 


Armisteac 


1. 


Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


40th Inf. 


Brockenbrough. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


41st Inf. 


Mahone. 




Anderson. 


Hill. 


42d Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


44th Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


47th Inf. 


Brockenb 


rough. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


48th Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


49th Inf. 


Smith. 




Early. 


Ewell. 


50th Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


52d Inf. 


Jones. 




Johnson. 


Ewell. 


53d Inf. 


Armistead 




Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


55th Inf. 


Brockenbrough. 


Heth. 


Hill. 


56th Inf. 


Garnett. 




Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


57th Inf. 


Garnett. 




Pickett. 


Longstreet. 


6 1 st Inf. 


Mahone. 




Anderson. 


Hill. 






Cavalry. 




Regiment. 




Brigade. 


Division. 


1st Cav. 




Fitzhugh Lee. 


Stuart. 


2d Cav. 




Fitzhugh Lee. 


Stuart. 


3d Cav. 




Fitzhugh Lee. 


Stuart. 


4th Cav. 




Fitzhugh Lee. 


Stuart. 


5th Cav. 




Fitzhugh Lee. 


Stuart. 


6th Cav. 




Jones 




Stuart. 


7th Cav. 




Jones 




Stuart. 


9th Cav. 1 




W. H 


. F. Lee. 


Stuart. 



1 Commanded by Chamblisi. 



16 



242 



GETTYSBURG. 



virgi ni a — Continued. 





Cavalry. 




Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Division. 


IOth Cav. 1 


W. H. F. Lee. 


Stuart. 


nth Cav. 


Jones. 


Stuart. 


1 2th Cav. 


Jones. 


Stuart. 


13th Cav. 1 


W. H. F. Lee. 


Stuart. 


14th Cav. 


Jenkins. 


Stuart. 


15th Cav. 1 


W. H. F. Lee. 


Stuart. 


1 6th Cav. 


Jenkins. 


Stuart. 


17th Cav. 


Jenkins. 


Stuart. 


34th Cav. 


Jenkins. 


Stuart. 


35th Cav. 


Jones. 


Stuart. 


36th Cav. 


Jenkins. 


Stuart. 



1 Commanded by Chambliss- 



BATTERIES. 

McCarthy's 1st Richmond Howitzers. 

Blount's. 

Caskie's Hampden Artillery. 

Macon's Richmond Fayette Artillery 

Stribling's Fauquier Artillery. 

Jordan's Bedford Artillery. 

Parker's. 
Taylor's. 

Woolfolk's Ashland Artillery. 

Carrington's Charlottesville Artillery. 

Garber's Staunton Artillery. 

Tanner's Courtney Artillery. 

Carpenter's Alleghany Artillery. 

Raine's Lee Battery. 

Carter's King William Artillery. 

Fry's Orange Artillery. 

Page's Morris Artillery. 

Dance's 1st Virginia Artillery. 

Cunningham's Powhatan Artillery. 

Griffin's Salem Artillery. 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 243 

Virginia — Continued. 

Graham's Rockbridge Artillery. 

Watson's 2d Richmond Howitzers. 

Kirkpatrick's Amherst Artillery. 

Massie's Fluvanna Artillery. 

Grandy's Norfolk Light Artillery 

Blues. 
Lewis's. 
Moore's. 
Brooke's. 

Wyatt's Albemarle Artillery. 

Lusk's. 
Johnson's. 

Rice's Danville Artillery. 

Brander's Letcher Artillery. 

Crenshaw's. 

McGraw's Purcell Artillery. 

Marye's Fredericksburg Artillery. 

McGregor's. 

Chew's. 

Moorman's. 



244 GETTYSBURG. 

"AN ACT 

" TO ESTABLISH A NATIONAL MILITARY PARK AT GETTYSBURG, 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

" Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to receive 
from the Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Association, a 
corporation chartered by the State of Pennsylvania, a deed 
of conveyance to the United States of all the lands belong- 
ing to said association, embracing about eight hundred 
acres, more or less, and being a considerable part of the 
battle-field of Gettysburg, together with all rights of way 
over avenues through said lands acquired by said association, 
and all improvements made by it in and upon the same. 

" Sec. 2. That as soon as the lands aforesaid shall be con- 
veyed to the United States the Secretary of War shall take 
possession of the same, and such other lands on the battle- 
field as the United States have acquired, or shall hereafter 
acquire, by purchase or condemnation proceedings ; and 
the lands aforesaid shall be designated and known as the 
' Gettsyburg National Park. ' 

" Sec. 3. That the Gettysburg national park shall, subject 
to the supervision and direction of the Secretary of War, be 
in charge of the commissioners heretofore appointed by the 
Secretary of War for the location and acquisition of lands 
at Gettysburg, and their successors. 

" Sec. 4. That the Secretary of War is hereby author- 
ized and directed to acquire, at such times and in such 
manner as he may deem best calculated to serve the public 
interest, such lands in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Penn- 
sylvania, not exceeding in area the parcels shown on the 
map prepared by Major-General Daniel E. Sickles, United 
States Army, and now on file in the office of the Secretary 
of War, which were occupied by the infantry, cavalry, and 



BATTLE-FIELD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. 245 

artillery on the first, second, and third days of July, 
eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and such other adjacent 
lands as he may deem necessary to preserve the impor- 
tant topographical features of the battle-field. 

"Sec. 5. That for the purpose of acquiring the lands 
designated and described in the foregoing section not 
already acquired and owned by the United States, and such 
other adjacent land as may be deemed necessary by the 
Secretary of War for the preservation and marking of the 
lines of battle of the Union and Confederate armies at 
Gettysburg, the Secretary of War is authorized to employ 
the services of the commissioners heretofore appointed by 
him for the location, who shall proceed, in conformity with 
his instructions and subject in all things to his approval, to 
acquire such lands by purchase, or by condemnation pro- 
ceedings, to be taken by the Attorney-General in behalf of 
the United States, in any case in which it shall be ascer- 
tained that the same cannot be purchased at prices deemed 
reasonable and just by the said commissioners and approved 
by the Secretary of War. , 

" Sec. 6. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of 
War to establish and enforce proper regulations for the cus- 
tody, preservation, and care of the monuments now erected 
or which may be hereafter erected within the limits of the 
said national military park ; and such rules shall provide 
for convenient access by visitors >to all such monuments 
within the park, and the ground included therein, on such 
days and within such hours as may be designated and 
authorized by the Secretary of War. 

"Sec. 7. That if any person shall destroy, mutilate, 
deface, injure, or remove, except by permission of the Sec- 
retary of War, any column, statue, memorial structure, or 
work of art that shall be erected or placed upon the grounds 
of the park by lawful authority, or shall destroy or remove 
any fence, railing, inclosure, or other work for the protec- 



246 GETTYSBURG. 

tion or ornament of said park or any portion thereof, or 
shall destroy, cut, hack, bark, break down, or otherwise 
injure any tree, bush, or shrubbery that may be growing 
upon said park, or shall cut down or fell or remove any 
timber, battle relic, tree or trees, growing or being upon 
said park, or hunt within the limits of the park, or shall 
remove or destroy any breastworks, earthworks, walls, or 
other defences or shelter or any part thereof constructed 
by the armies formerly engaged in the battles on the land 
or approaches to the park, or shall violate any regulation 
made and published by the Secretary of War for the gov- 
ernment of visitors within the limits of said park, any per- 
son so offending and found guilty thereof, before any jus- 
tice of the peace of the county in which the offence may 
be committed, shall, for each and every such offence, for- 
feit and pay a fine, in the discretion of the justice, accord- 
ing to the aggravation of the offence, of not less than five 
nor more than five hundred dollars, one-half for the use of 
the park and the other half to the informer, to be enforced 
and recovered before such justice in like manner as debts of 
like nature are now by law recoverable in the county where 
the offence may be committed. 

" Sec. 8. That the Secretary of War is hereby author- 
ized and directed to cause to be made a suitable bronze 
tablet, containing on it the address delivered by Abraham 
Lincoln, President of the United States, at Gettysburg, on 
the nineteenth day of November, eighteen hundred and 
sixty- three, on the occasion of the dedication of the na, 
tional cemetery at that place, and such tablet, having on 
it besides the address a medallion likeness of President 
Lincoln, shall be erected on the most suitable site within 
the limits of said park. 

Approved, February n, 1895. 

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